Urinary excretion of a weak acid will be increased in this kind of urine:
alkaline
Diffusion hypoxia can occur on recovery from nitrous oxide and is called the _____ effect
fink
An anesthetic induction agent that suppresses adrenal function:
etomidate
Ketamine blocks this receptor:
NMDA
An anesthetic induction agent that is a neurosteroid:
alphaxalone
Apomorphine induces emesis in dogs not through opioid receptors but instead ______ receptors in the CRTZ
dopamine
This gene encodes the P-glycoprotein efflux pump:
MDR1
An ‘enzyme inducer’ typically increases the activity of the Cytochrome ____ group of microsomal enzymes
P450
Drug class with inconsistent sedation but good muscle relaxation, useful in old and ‘sick’ patients:
benzodiazepine
This route of administration is assumed to have 100% bioavailability
IV
Specific reversal agent for carfentanil:
naltrexone
A prodrug gets converted to an active drug by this mechanism:
bioactivation
Oxybutinin and propantheline cause the detrusor muscle of the bladder to _______
relax
Diazepam should not be used via this route because of poor absorption and pain:
IM
Pilocarpine will cause the pupil to do this:
constrict
The endogenous ligand for NMDA receptors:
glutamate
In this state a drug cannot easily cross lipid membranes:
ionized
The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS:
GABA
Neostigmine, edrophonium and carbamate insecticides are all examples of this type of parasympathomimetics
indirect
Atropine ophthalmic should not be used in in patients with ______
Glaucoma
Glomerular filtration is a (passive/active) process:
passive
Synthetic mixed agonist/antagonist that is available in injectable and oral formulations:
butorphanol
A class of sedatives that is known to cause ‘epinephrine reversal’
phenothiazines
The most common Phase II reaction:
glucoronidation
Combined with Tiletamine in the product ‘Telazol’
zolazepam
The most common negative effect of acepromazine:
hypotension
2% lidocaine solution contains ___ mg/mL lidocaine
20
Alpha-2 agonists can cause profound:
bradycardia
The ______ of drug eliminated per unit of time is consistent for drugs that follow first-order elimination
proportion
Opioid that also has activity at NMDA receptors
methadone
As Vd increases half-life ________
increases
Reversal agent for xylazine, not a good choice to reverse dexmedetomidine
yohimbine
The metabolic process by which an orally administered drug is absorbed but very little reaches systemic circulation, as with morphine:
first pass
Nitrous oxide provides (good/poor) muscle relaxation:
poor
A form of transmembrane transport that requires energy input (direct or indirect) to function:
active