Pharm: Glaucoma Drugs Flashcards Preview

Clinical Neuro Exam 1 > Pharm: Glaucoma Drugs > Flashcards

Flashcards in Pharm: Glaucoma Drugs Deck (18)
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1
Q

Which is the only drug class that can treat closed angle glaucoma?

A

Cholinergic Agents

2
Q

Carbachol

A

Treats Open Angle Glaucoma: causes contraction of the ciliary muscles leading to increase flow through the intertrabecular spaces.

Treats Closed angle glaucoma: causes contraction of the sphincter pupillae muscle to increase the angle between the iris and sclera for aqueous drainage.

MOA: direct-acting muscarinic agonist

Side Effects: autonomic disturbances if it gets into the systemic circulation (also has nicotinic activity)

3
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Treats Open Angle Glaucoma: causes contraction of the ciliary muscles leading to increase flow through the intertrabecular spaces.

Treats Closed angle glaucoma: causes contraction of the sphincter pupillae muscle to increase the angle between the iris and sclera for aqueous drainage.

MOA: direct-acting muscarinic agonist

Side Effects: causes paradoxical hypertension and tachycardia

4
Q

Physostigmine

A

Treats Open Angle Glaucoma: causes contraction of the ciliary muscles leading to increase flow through the intertrabecular spaces.

Treats Closed angle glaucoma: causes contraction of the sphincter pupillae muscle to increase the angle between the iris and sclera for aqueous drainage.

MOA: AChase inhibitor

Side Effects: crosses BBB and cause seizures and abnormal defecation

5
Q

Ecothiphate

A

Treats Open Angle Glaucoma: causes contraction of the ciliary muscles leading to increase flow through the intertrabecular spaces.

Treats Closed angle glaucoma: causes contraction of the sphincter pupillae muscle to increase the angle between the iris and sclera for aqueous drainage.

MOA: AChase inhibitor

Side Effects: nightblindness and frontal headaches

6
Q

Betaxolol

A

Treats open angle glaucoma by inhibiting ciliary epithelium from producing aqueous humor.

Also treats ocular hypertension

MOA: SELECTIVE BETA-1 blocker (fewer side effects)

Side Effects: AV block, myocardial infarct

7
Q

Carteolol

A

Treats open angle glaucoma by inhibiting ciliary epithelium from producing aqueous humor.

Also treats ocular hypertension

MOA: non-selective Beta blocker

Side Effects: insomnia, bronchospasm

8
Q

Timolol

A

Treats open angle glaucoma by inhibiting ciliary epithelium from producing aqueous humor.

Also treats ocular hypertension

MOA: non-selective Beta blocker

SIde Effects: bradycardia, blurred vision, confusion, hallucination

9
Q

Latanoprost

A

Treats open angle glaucoma by increasing uveoscleral drainage of aqueous humor.

Treats intraocular hypertension

MOA: PGF2-alpha analog

Side Effects: Darkens the color of the iris, macular retinal edema.

10
Q

Brimatoprost

A

Treats open angle glaucoma by increasing trabecular meshwork drainage of aqueous humor.

Treats intraocular hypertension

MOA: PGF2-alpha analog

Side Effects: Darkens the color of the iris, macular retinal edema, conjunctival hyperemia

11
Q

Travoprost

A

Treats open angle glaucoma by increasing trabecular meshwork drainage of aqueous humor.

Treats intraocular hypertension

MOA: PGF2-alpha analog

Side Effects: Darkens the color of the iris, macular retinal edema, conjunctival hyperemia

12
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Treats open angle glaucoma by inhibiting production of bicarbonate ions which ultimately inhibits aqueous humor production.

Also treats intraocular hypertension.

MOA: carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor

Side Effects: Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperchloremic acidosis, kidney stones

13
Q

Dorzolamide

A

Treats open angle glaucoma by inhibiting production of bicarbonate ions which ultimately inhibits aqueous humor production.

Also treats intraocular hypertension.

MOA: carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor

Side Effects: immune hypersensitivity reactions, burning sensation in eye, hyperchloremic acidosis, kidney stones

14
Q

Brinzolamide

A

Treats open angle glaucoma by inhibiting production of bicarbonate ions which ultimately inhibits aqueous humor production.

Also treats intraocular hypertension.

MOA: carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor

Side Effects: hyperchloremic acidosis, kidney stones

15
Q

Apraclonidine

A

Lower ocular pressure associated with eye surgery by decreasing production of aqueous humor and increasing drainage.

MOA: Alpha-2 receptor agonist

Side Effects: depression, dizziness, chest pain

16
Q

Brimonidine

A

Treats open angle glaucoma by decreasing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral drainage.

Treats ocular hypertension

MOA: Alpha-2 agonist

Side Effects: irregular heart rate, fatigue, dry, mouth, red eyes

17
Q

Dipivefrin

A

Treats open angle glaucoma by vasoconstricting blood vessels to the ciliary epithelium and preventing production of aqueous humor.

MOA: non-selective adrenergic agonist (metabolized to Epinephrine once inside the eye)

Side Effects: xerostomia, somnolence, burning eye

18
Q

Epinephrine

A

Treats open angle glaucoma by vasoconstricting blood vessels to the ciliary epithelium and preventing production of aqueous humor.

MOA: non-selective adrenergic agonist

Side Effects: xerostomia, somnolence, mydriasis