Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT Psych/Sociology > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

psychoanalytic theory on personality, who started it

vs humanistic theory

A

personality is shaped by a person’s unconscious thoughts, feelings, memories
developed by sigmund freud
humanistic theory focuses on healthy personality development (inherently good) by Carl Rogers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sigmund freud thought 2 instinctual drives motivate behavior vs humanistic life motivation

A

libido (survival, growth, pain avoidance) and death instinct (drives aggressive behavior fueled by unconscious wish to die or to hurt others)
humanistic: motivation is actualizing tendency/self actualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

psychic energy is distributed among 3 personality components

A

id: unconscious, ruled by pleasure principle to seek to reduce tension, avoid pain, gain pleasure
ego: ruled by reality principle, use logical thinking to control consciousness and id
superego: inhibits id and influences ego to follow moralistic and idealistic goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ego defense mechanism

A

to cope with anxiety and protect ego, ego distorts reality with repression, denial, reaction formation, projection, displacement, rationalization, regression, sublimation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Freud’s 5 psychosexual stages

A

5 stages
oral stage: child seeks pleasure through sucking/chewing
anal stage: child seeks pleasure through elimination
phallic stage: pleasure through genitals
latency stage: sexual interest subsides for hobbies
genital stage: sexual energy fuels activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

oedipus complex/electra complex

A

child is sexually attracted to opposite sex parent and hostile towards same sex parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens when someone gets overindulged or frustrated at a stage of Freud’s psychosexual stage

A

psychologically fixation - as an adult continue to seek sexual pleasure through behavior related too that stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Erik Erikson’s 8 psychosocial stages

A 
infancy: trust vs mistrust
early childhood: autonomy vs shame and doubt
preschool: initiative vs guilt
school: industry vs inferiority
adolescence: identity vs role confusion
young adult: intimacy vs isolation
middle adult: generativity vs stagnation
mature: integrity vs despair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

psychoanalytic therapy vs humanistic therapy vs behavioral therapy vs cognitive behavioral therapy

A

helps patient become aware of their unconscious motives and gain insight into emotion issues and conflicts
humanistic: provide environment to help client trust and accept self and emotional reactions
behavioral: ABC, antecedents, consequences, behavior - teaching how to relax
cognitive behavioral therapy: help become aware of irrational root of thoughts and beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how child develops according to humanistic theory

A

self concept: conditional approval by caregiver depending on behaviors done, creates concept of child’s consciousness in relation to subjective perceptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

incongruence

A

encountering experiences that contradict self concepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

behaviorist perspective on personality, how it is deterministic

A

personality results from learned behavior patterns based on person’s environment
deterministic: people are blank slates, and environmental factors determine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how do people learn behavior according to behaviorism

A

through classical and operant conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

social cognitive perspective on personality

A

personality formed by interaction among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 parts of personality traits

A

surface trait: evident from person’s behavior

source trait: underlying human personality and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

raymond cattell and surface trait factor analysis in relation to mccrae and costa’s big 5 personality traits

A

raymond cattell: 16 personality traits
5 global factors
extroversion, anxiety (neuroticism), receptivity (openness), accommodation (agreeableness), self control (conscientiousness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hans eysenck’s perspective on extroversion

A

person’s level of extroversion is based on individual differences in reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

jeffrey alan gray’s perspective on personality

A

interaction between 3 brain systems that respond to rewarding and punishing stimuli
fearfulness and avoidance is sympathetic, worry and anxiety is parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

c robert cloninger’s perspective on personality and hormones

A

linked personality to reward, motivation, punishment

low dopamine is high impulsivity, low norepinephrine is high approval seeking, low serotonin is risk avoidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

person situation controversy

A

considers degree to which a person’s reaction to a given situation is due to personality or situation itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

factors that influence motivation

A

instinct: unlearned
drive: urge from physiological discomfort
arousal: desire to achieve
needs: high level needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

drive reduction theory

A

need - leads to drive - and drive reducing behavior

23
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A 
base
physiological needs
safety needs
love and belongingness
esteem needs
self actualization
top
24
Q

3 factors that contribute to psychological disorders

A

biological, sociocultural, psychological influences

25
Q

anxiety disorder

examples

A

excessive fear
panic disorder: has had at least one panic attack and is worried about more
phobias, general anxiety, social anxiety

26
Q

obsessive compulsive disorder

A

pattern of obsessive thoughts coupled with maladaptive behavioral compulsions

27
Q

trauma and stressor related disorder, etiology. names of disorders relating to length

A

unhealthy response to harmful event

etiology: cause of condition

28
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

symptoms cannot be explained by medical condition

29
Q

bipolar disorders, manic episode

A

mood swings

manic episode: person experiences abnormal euphoric unrestrained mood - lots of unfocused energy

30
Q

depressive disorders, examples

A

disturbance in mood
major depressive disorder: suffered at least one major depressive episode
persistent depressive disorder: less intense chronic depression
premenstrual dysphoric disorder: only in women, in conjunction with menses

31
Q

schizophrenia, examples

A

loss of contact with reality

can experience delusions, hallucination

32
Q

dissociative disorders

A

disruptions in memory, awareness, perception
dissociative identity disorder: alternate among 2 or more distinct personalities
can experience dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue (wandering during episode)

33
Q

personality disorders, 3 clusters

A

maladaptive patterns of behavior that depart from social norms
cluster A: paranoid, schizo
cluster B: antisocial, narcissistic
cluster C: avoidant, obsessive

34
Q

eating disorders

A

disruptive emotional patterns around eating

35
Q

neurocognitive disorders

A

cognitive abnormalities or decline in memory/problem solving

36
Q

sleep-wake disorders

A

excessive or deficient sleep patterns

37
Q

substance related addictive disorders

A

psychological or physiological dependence on substance

38
Q

PTSD vs acute stress disorder

A

PTSD is for more than month

adjustment disorder: stressor not a trauma, symptoms last less than 6 months

39
Q

somatic symptom disorder
examples
illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder, factitious disorder

A

illness anxiety disorder: hypochondriac
conversion disorder: emotion or anxiety manifests itself into physical symptom
factitious disorder: falsifying evidence of disorder, can be on self or on another

40
Q

bipolar 1 vs 2

name of less intense bipolar disorder

A

bipolar 1: there has been a spontaneous manic episode
mixed episode: person has had major depressive and manic episodes nearly every day for a week
bipolar 2 disorder: cyclic moods
cyclothymic disorder: similar to bipolar but less extreme

41
Q

brief psychotic disorder, catatonic schizophrenia, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder

A

brief psychotic disorder: positive symptoms for a day to a month
catatonic schizo: negative symptoms are dominant
schizophrenia: positive and negative symptoms for longer than 6 months
schizoaffective disorder: combines mood and psychotic symptoms - major depressive, manix, or mixed episodes with psychotic

42
Q

dissociative disorder examples

depersonalization disorder, derealization disorder

A

depersonalization disorder: persistent feeling of being cut off from their body
derealization disorder: feels that people in external word are not real

43
Q

paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, obsessive compulsive personality disorder

A

paranoid personality: mistrusts others motives and actions
schizoid personality: loner with little interest in close relationships
antisocial personality: behavior problems since young age
borderline personality: recurrent instability in impulse control, mood
histrionic personality: wants to be center of attention
narcissistic personality: grandiosely feels important
avoidant personality: feels inadequate and inferior
dependent personality: feels need to be taken care of and unrealistic fear of being unable to take care of self
obsessive compulsive personality: accumulate worthless objects

44
Q

stress-diathesis theory with schizophrenia

A

has genetic inheritance but stressors ellicit onset of disease

45
Q

dopamine hypothesis in schizophrenic patients

A

dopamine is hyperactive leading to positive symptoms

46
Q

nervous system disorders with biological bases

A

schizophrenia, depression, alzheimer’s, parkinson’s

47
Q

characteristics of alzheimer’s disease

A

neuritic plaques (beta amyloid protein) and neurofibrillary tangles (tau proteins)

48
Q

parkinson’s disease caused by

A

death of cellls that generate dopamine in basal ganglia and substantia nigra
leads to tremors, slow movement

49
Q

attitude has 3 main components

A

ABC

affect (emotion), behavior tendencies, cognition

50
Q

situations where attitude actually predicts behavior

A
  1. when social influences are reduced
  2. when general patterns of behavior are observed (don’t look in terms of every single action)
  3. when specific attitudes are considered vs general
  4. when attitudes are made more powerful through self reflection
51
Q

principle of aggregation

A

an attitude affects a person’s general behavior not necessarily each isolated act

52
Q

situations where behavior is more likely to influence attitude

A
  1. role playing
  2. public declarations
  3. justification of effort - similar to foot in the door, already put in this much effort
53
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

feel tension whenever we hold two thoughts that are incompatible

54
Q

attachment theory

A

parent child relationships strongly influence the child’s attitude about the self and world

MCAT Psych/Sociology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions