Pediatrics Flashcards Preview

1 USMLE NOTES > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Pediatrics Deck (17)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

2 months

A

Gross motor: Lifts head

Fine motor: Tracks objects with eyes past midline

Language: Alerts to sounds and Coos

Social/Cognitive: Recognizes parents. Has social smile

2
Q

4 - 5 months

A

Gross motor: Rolls from belly to back and vice versa

Fine motor: Holds objects

Language: Orients to voice, laughs and squeals

Social/Cognitive: Laughs

3
Q

6 months

A

Gross motor: Sits up, moro and rooting reflex dissapear

Fine motor: Switches hands with objects, Raking grasp

Language: Babbles

Social/Cognitive: Stranger anxiety

4
Q

9 - 10 months

A

Gross motor: Crawls/Cruises. Can hold railings to stand

Fine motor: Three finger/immature pincer grasp

Language: Says mama/dada

Social/Cognitive: Separation anxiety, waves bye, Stranger anxiety 6-9m.

5
Q

1 year

A

Gross motor: Walks unassisted, throws objects, Babinski dissapears

Fine motor: Two finger pincer

Language: first words aside from mama/dada. Knows 1-3 total

Social/Cognitive: Imitates actions, Follows one step commands.

6
Q

2 years

A

Gross motor: Can go up or down steps, two feet. Kicks ball(s) Can jump.

Fine motor: Stacks 6 blocks

Language: Uses 2-word sentences

Social/Cognitive: Follows two step commands, can undress. Parallel play

7
Q

3 years

A

Gross motor: Climbs stairs one foot at a time. Rides a trike

Fine motor: Copies a circle, uses utensils

Language: 3 word sentences

Social/Cognitive: Brushes teeth with help, washes hands

8
Q

4 years

A

Gross motor: Can hop

Fine motor: Copies a cross or a square

Language: Knows names of some colors and numbers

Social/Cognitive: Cooperative play, board games. Can tell detailed stories. Imaginary friends.

9
Q

5 years

A

Gross motor: Skips, walks backwards easily

Fine motor: Copies a triangle, ties shoes, can print letters

Language: 5 word sentences

Social/Cognitive: Dresses and grooms themselves, domestic role playing.

10
Q

Car seats:

A

Rear facing car seats until 2 years.

Car seat with harness until 4 years.

Booster seat until 8 years.

Don’t sit in front seat until 12 years.

11
Q

Toilet training

A

Usually begins at 2 years. Boys complete it later than girls.

Bedwetting is normal until 5 years old.

Positive reinforcement and fluid restriction before bed is best treatment, followed by Desmopressin and anticholinergics for refractory cases.

12
Q

Neonatal weight loss and gain pattern

A

Lose up to 10% of body weight in the first few days, should return to birth weight by 2 weeks.

Doubles by 5-6 months.
Triples by 1 year.
Quadruples by 2 years.

13
Q

Failure to thrive definition

A

Weight persistently less than the 5th percentile.

Dropping across two major percentile lines on a growth chart. ie, “falling of the growth curve”

Organic FTT: Failure to thrive caused by an underlying medical condition such as CF or congenital heart disease.

Nonorganic FTT: Caused by social factors. Poverty, too much dilution of formula, maternal depression or neglect.

14
Q

Timeline of puberty in girls

A

Precocious puberty: Anything before 8 years.
Delayed puberty: No puberty by 13 years.
Amenorrhea: No menses by 13 years with no other chars. No menses by 15 years with other chars.

Average age at onset: 10.5 years
Average age of menarche: 12.5 years

Thelarche -> Pubarche -> Growth spurt -> Menarche

15
Q

Timeline of puberty in boys

A

Precocious pubery: Anything before 9 years
Delayed puberty: No puberty by 14 years

Average age is 11.5 years

Gonadarche (enlarged testicles) -> Pubarche -> Adrenarche -> Growth spurt.

16
Q

What are the defining features of a constitutional growth delay?

A

The growth curve lags behind others but remains on a consistent curve.

There is delayed bone age.

17
Q

18 months

A

Gross motor: Runs, kicks a ball.

Fine motor: removes clothes, stacks 2-4 cubes

Language: 10-20 word vocabulary

Social/Cognitive: Begins pretend play