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Flashcards in Patient Education and assessement Deck (30)
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1
Q

The glandular dose is:

A

Associated with dose to the radiosensitive cells of the breast.

2
Q

Factors that should be reported on the patients medical history documentation because of their significant impact on diagnosis include:

A
  • Hx of breast trauma
  • Painful lumps
  • Sudden nipple retraction
3
Q

BSE describes:

A

Bilateral self-check of the breast by the patient

4
Q

The ideal time to conduct a breast examination is:

A

Within 10-14 days of the menstrual cycle. Or 1 week after the period ends. Periods are 3-7 days long in general.
3 + 7 =10

5
Q

In digital mammography systems, both the film and cassette can be replaced by:

A

An electronic detector system

6
Q

MRI imaging

A

Uses complex magnetic properties of elements

7
Q

CAD is used to:

A

Analyze and pre-read the image before interpretation by a radiologist

8
Q

Minor risk factors of breast cancer are associated with:

A

Use of HRT and Nulliparity (Never given birth)

9
Q

Major risk factors (outside a women control) for breast cancer include:

A

Age and genetic risks

10
Q

Arisk factor is any:

A

Significant factor that increases a person’s chance of getting a disease

11
Q

List three reasons for taking and documenting the patients medical history.

A

To avoid miss-diagnosis, to avoid unnecessary surgeries or biopsies, to avoid the need for additional work-up projections, to help the radiologist make a final interpretation. Document any history of trauma, surgery to the breast, any breast cancer abnormalities or symptoms, health problems, or risk factors for breast cancer.

12
Q

Why should women practice breast self-examination?

A

No detection tool is 100% effective; therefore, any additional help will be beneficial.

13
Q

Describe the difference between the BSE and the CBE.

A

BSE is performed by the women on herself; CBE is performed by a health care provider.

14
Q

How often should a women practice a BSE and CBE?

A

Age 20-39: CBE every 3 years
Over age 40: CBE every year
Over age 20: BSE every month

15
Q

State the three different methods used to perform a systematic self-examination of the breast.

A

Up and down line pattern, circular pattern, wedge pattern

16
Q

When is the best time to conduct BSE?

A

One week after the end of the menstrual period (between day 7 and day 14) or the same time every month for women not having a period.

17
Q

What is the recommended guideline for routine mammography screening as suggested by the ACS?

A

Women over age 40: Annual screening mammogram. MRI or ultrasound for high risk or dense breast only.

18
Q

What is the maximum average glandular dose for a single mammography projection as recommended by the ACR?

A

No greater than 0.3 rads with a grid or 0.1 without a grid.

19
Q

State two disadvantages of screening mammography.

A

The sensitivity of mammography is dependent on breast density plus the age and hormone status of the patient. Mammography understates the multifocality of a lesion. Inadequate position or compression can compromise the image.

20
Q

List two advantages and two disadvantages of breast ultrasound.

A

Advantage: No radiation. The sensitivity is not affected by the patients age.
Disadvantages: Operator-dependant. High resolution imaging is best achieved on small patients.

21
Q

List two advantages and two disadvantages of MRI of the breast.

A

Advantages: No radiation. The sensitivity is not age-dependent. Has high sensitivity.
Disadvantages: Low specificity-high false positive rate. Very expensive. Longer study time. Possible magnetic risks and dangers.

22
Q

How is PEM used to detect breast cancer?

A

PEM imaging will provide useful information on metastases to both soft tissue and bone, and can detect recurrent metastases. The technology works on the principle that most cancerous tissue uses vast amounts of sugar (glucose) and at a much higher rate than benign tissue.

23
Q

How can breast scintigraphy be useful as an adjunct-screening tool?

A

IT can detect tumors in the breast of young women using technetium Tc99m sestamibi. The radiopharmaceutical accumulates in malignant lesions in the breast but benign lesions do not take up the isotope.

24
Q

Explain the difference between computed and digital mammography.

A

Digital uses a totally cassettless system whereas computed radiography uses an image plate with a storage phosphor screen (SPS) or photostimulable phosphor (PSP) instead of the cassette and film, thereby adapting the analog system to work with digital technology.

25
Q

How is digital mammography imaging similar to analog mammography screening?

A

The routine and supplementary projections are the same. Breast compression and patient positioning are equally important.

26
Q

How can CAD improve mammographic interpretation?

A

It effectively pre-reads the mammograms to increase the productivity and accuracy of the radiologist interpretation.

27
Q

What is the difference between a major and minor risk factor?

A

Major risk are mainly outside a women’s control, carry a higher probability of breast cancer and often cannot be changed; minor risks carry a lower probability for breast cancer and are often within a women control.

28
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for breast cancer?

A

Gender - being female.

29
Q

Name four other major risk factors for breast cancer.

A

Aging, genetic risks, family history o breast cancer, personal history o f breast cancer

30
Q

Name two minor risk factors for breast cancer.

A

Not having children, early menarche or late menopause, alcohol, use o hormone replacement therapy, not breast feeding, lack of exercise.