Pathophysiology of Aging Flashcards

1
Q

There are 3 different “Theories” of aging:

  • Stochastic
  • Programmed
  • Homeostasis failure

How do the first 2 work?

A

Stochastic - Cumulative random damage

Programmed - Predetermines changes in gene expression

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2
Q

What are the types of changes in aging?

A
  • Beneficial e.g. experiential learning
  • Neutral e.g. grey hair
  • Detrimental e.g. hypertension or decreased balance
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3
Q

Frailty is effectively progressive dyshomeostasis. Explain this using cold stress as an example?

A

Cold stress on a young person:
- They will peripherally vasoconstrict & increase metabolic heat production –> Coping well with the cold

Cold stress in a frail person:
- Reduced coping mechanisms –> Hypothermia

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4
Q

Define “social” dyshomeostasis?

A

Loss of ability to compensate for events.

e.g. when the spouse dies or a daughter goes on holiday

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5
Q

Remember that any medical condition that effects healthy people can also affect the frail

A

And that they can present very differently e.g. hyperthyroidism

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6
Q

What are the practical implications of the aging population for us as future doctors?

A
  • More people with co-mobordities
  • Greater inter-individual variability in function/reserve
  • Mixed up diseases presenting very similarly
  • Little evidence e.g. drug trials in >80s (because its hard)
  • Polypharmacy –> More ADRs & Drug interactions
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