Pathology of the Biliary System Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Pathology of the Biliary System Deck (34)
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1
Q

Someone who presents with the following symptoms could have what?

Acute RUQ pain
Positive Murphy’s sign- inspiratory arrest on palpation of GB area
Fever
Leukocytosis
Increase in serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase

A

Acute Cholecystitis

2
Q

Most common disease of the gallbladder?

A

Cholelithiasis

3
Q

stone in cystic duct creates compression of the CHD—painful jaundice

A

Mirizzi syndrome

4
Q

What is Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Klatskin’s Tumor- specific type- occurs at bifurcation
Involvement of central left and right hepatic ducts
Most suggestive sonographic sign-
Isolated intrahepatic duct dilation
Nonunion of right and left duct appreciated
May not see mass

5
Q

What is the most common pseudotumor of the GB?

A

Cholesterol polyp

6
Q

May result from pancreatic juices refluxing into the bile duct because of an anomalous junction of the pancreatic duct and distal CBD

A

Choledochal Cyst

7
Q

Most common tumor sites that spread to the biliary tree

A

Breast
Colon
Melanoma

8
Q

Adenomyomatosis

A

Hyperplastic change in the GB wall

9
Q

What is Hemobilia?

A

Blood in the Biliary system.

10
Q

Benign neoplasms of the GB with a premalignant potential (much lower than colonic adenomas)

A

Adenoma

11
Q

RUQ pain with radiation to right shoulder and pain after a fatty meal could be what?

A

Cholelithiasis

12
Q

What are the two types of Hyperplastic Cholecystitis?

A

Cholesterolosis

Adenomyomatosis

13
Q

What is Cholangiocarcinoma and what are the 3 classifications?

A

Bile duct cancer.

May arise from any portion of the biliary tree
Uncommon, frequency increases with age
Most common risk factor in the Western world- primary sclerosing cholangitis
Classification is based on the location of the tumor
Intrahepatic (peripheral)
Hilar (Klatskin’s)
Distal
Most cholangiocarcinomas are adenocarcinomas

14
Q

What is Emphysematous Cholecystitis?

A

Acute infection of the gallbladder wall caused by gas-forming organisms.

15
Q

What is Ascariasis?

A

Parasitic roundworm that uses fecal-oral route of transmission
Grows in the bowel before entering the biliary tree via the ampulla of Vater

16
Q

Often referred to as “strawberry GB” because the mucosa resembles the surface of a strawberry

A

Cholesterolosis

17
Q

What is Acalculous Cholecystitis?

A

Uncommon, acute inflammation without stones.

18
Q

What pathology has Ultrasound Findings
Medium to coarse echogenic densities filling GB without bile duct obstruction
Material has 3 characteristics -
Does not shadow, not gravity dependent, does not show layering effect
Wall is irregular- from edematous pockets representing hemorrhage or abscess collections

A

Gangrenous Cholecystitis

19
Q

What is Gangrenous Cholecystitis?

A

Prolonged infection which causes the GB to undergo necrosis.

20
Q

What is Cholangitis?

A

Inflammation of the bile ducts

21
Q

Patients with the Five F’s more prone to what?

A

Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)

22
Q

What shows signs of prominent bright echoes along the anterior wall with ring down or comet-tail artifact?

If a large amount of gas is present it could look similar to WES sign.

A

Emphysematous Cholecystitis

23
Q

What is Pneumobilia?

A

Air in the Biliary system.

24
Q

What is Cholesterolosis?

A

Condition in which cholesterol is deposited within the lamina propria of the GB

25
Q

What is Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Least common location, it is the second most common primary malignancy of the liver

26
Q

What is Acute Cholecystitis? and the most common cause?

A

inflammation of the GB

Acute- most common cause—gallstones impacted in the cystic duct or neck

27
Q

What disease presents with the Ultrasound Findings of a Heterogeneous solid or semisolid echo-texture
Large, irregular, fungating mass
GB wall is abnormal and thickened
May see dilated ducts within the liver (“double-barrel” appearance of portal veins and dilated ducts)

A

Gallbladder Carcinoma

28
Q

Describe what a Porcelain Gallbladder is?

A

Rare- calcium incrustation of the GB wall

29
Q

What is a rare complication of acute cholecystitis?

A

Emphysematous Cholecystitis

30
Q

Rare, congenital abnormality
Communicating cavernous ectasia of intrahepatic ducts—characterized by congenital segmental saccular cystic dilation of major intrahepatic bile ducts

A

Caroli’s Disease

31
Q

Characteristics of Cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Difficult to distinguish from hilar
Progressive jaundice seen in majority of patients
Evaluation of tumor spread to superior ductal system and extrahepatic area should be carefully evaluated
Tumor may extend into adjacent lymph nodes

32
Q

Multiple cystic structures in area of ductal system that converge towards the porta hepatis

A

Caroli’s Disease

33
Q

What is the most common form of gallbladder inflammation?

A

Chronic Cholecystitis

34
Q

What has presents with sonographic Findings of
Thick walls of >4-5 mm
Echogenic sludge is seen
and you should Look for pericholecystic fluid with ascites or subserosal edema?

A

Acalculous Cholecystitis