Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of hepatocytes

A

Polygonal in shape - 5/6 sides
Central rounded nucleus
Near to sinusoids

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2
Q

What is the function of sinusoids

A

Provide hepatocytes with a good blood supply

They have constant circulation

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3
Q

What is the space of disse

A

the space between the hepatocytes and the sinusoids

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4
Q

What is found in a portal triad

A

Artery
Vein
Bile duct

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5
Q

What type of cells line a bile duct

A

columnar epithelial cells

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6
Q

How many functional segments does the liver have

A

8

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7
Q

How will fatty liver conditions appear under a microscope

A

Show up as large white blobs in the cells
Hepatocytes become blown up by fat so may see nucleus in centre
In hepatitis conditions (NASH) you can see inflammatory cells

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8
Q

Which LFT’s will be raised in alcoholic liver disease

A

AST and ALT
GGT - indicates alcohol use
Low albumin due to lower liver function

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9
Q

Name 4 liver storage disorders

A

Wilson’s disease - copper
Haemochromatosis - iron
a1-antitrypsin
glycogen storage disease

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10
Q

Describe Wilson’s disease

A
Copper builds up in the body 
Presents in kids and young adults 
Keiser-Fleischer rings in eyes 
Neurological symtpoms: dizziness, slurring and psychotic behaviour 
Bronzed diabetes
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11
Q

Describe haemochromatosis

A

Iron storage disorder
Quite common
LFT’s will be off
May manifest after drinking

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12
Q

What type of cells lay down fibrosis

A

Hepatic stellate cells

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13
Q

What type of cells normally line the oesophagus

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

What cell type may the oesophageal lining change to if there is reflux

A

Changes to intestinal type epithelium which is columnar

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15
Q

How can alcohol cause Barrett’s

A

alcohol acts as a CNS depressant and relaxes the sphincter

this allows reflux

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16
Q

What types of cancer will Barrett’s progress to

A

adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma