Pathogen-Infection-Antibiotic Matching 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Pathogen-Infection-Antibiotic Matching 1 Deck (19)
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1
Q

What do antibiotics target

A
  • Cell wall
  • Translation process
  • RNA polymerase
  • DNA replication
2
Q

Beta lactams

A
  • penicillin, cephalosporin, carbapenem

- prevent bacteria from building up a peptidoglycan wall

3
Q

Resistance and amoxicillin

A
  • Bacteria that are resistant produce Beta lactamase which breaks down beta lactams
  • Co-amoxiclav (Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid) is useful against β-lactamase producers as Clavulanic acid is a β-lactamase inhibitor
4
Q

ESBL =

A

extended spectrum β-lactamase. Organisms that produce these are not easily treated. For these, these combined drugs are not used as a first line treatment

5
Q

Spectrum of activity of β-lactam antibiotics

A
  • Penicillin is the most narrow spectrum ones – kill only specific species of bacteria
  • Carbapenems are the most broad spectrum ones
6
Q

MRSA treatment

A
  • methicillin resistant staph. aureus
  • resistance to flucloxacillin
  • Can’t use β-lactams to treat MRSA, have to use another class e.g. vancomycin (glycopeptide)
7
Q

Pneumonia treatment

A
  • High risk – co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin
  • Low risk – amoxicillin
  • After you have tested to find the pathogen – give a more specific antibiotic
8
Q

C. difficile treatment

A
  • Broad spectrum antibiotics kill gut flora and allow C.difficile to infect - names that start with C
  • Stop current antibiotics and start oral metronidazole
9
Q

UTIs treatment

A
  • Upper – fever, loin pain, tachycardia, low BP - treat with IV cefuroxime
  • Lower – dysuria, frequency, treat with nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, pivmecillinam
10
Q

Meningitis treatment

A
  • Treat with IV ceftriaxone until you know pathogen; use a good broad spectrum β-lactam
11
Q

SIRS diagnosis

A
  • systemic inflammatory response syndrome
  • Requires 2 of the following:
    Temp >38, Heart rate >90, Resp rate >20, WBC >12
12
Q

Sepsis diagnosis

A

SIRS AND a suspected focus of infection

13
Q

Septic shock =

A

sepsis and low BP (<90/60)

14
Q

Management of sepsis

A

BUFALO

  • B = blood cultures – 2 sets
  • U = urine output – catheterise to measure usually bad urine output
  • F = fluids – 500ml IV saline over 15 mins.
  • A = antibiotics – as per suspected infection
  • L = lactate – ABGs for lactate and pH which shows underperfusion of patient
  • O = oxygen – 15 l/m via reservoir face mask
15
Q

Cellulitis treatment

A
  • Skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) caused by gram positive cocci –Staph aureus or Strep pyogenes. Treated with flucloxacillin
16
Q

Necrotising fasciitis

A
  • Severe SSTI caused by a polymicrobial mix but usually involving Strep pyogenes
  • Treat by debridement, meropenem and clindamycin
17
Q

Infective endocarditis

A
  • Infection of heart valves

- Most common Staph aureus and Strep viridans; Treat using 6 week combo of IV antibiotics depending on cause

18
Q

Brain abscess treatment

A

drainage and antibiotics for 4+ wks, depending on cause

19
Q

Antibiotics and pregnancy

A
  • β-lactams are most well tolerated antibiotics and safe in pregnancy
    AVOID:
  • Quinolones e.g. ciprofloxacin – damage to cartilage
  • Trimethoprim – folic acid antagonist leads to neural tube defects
  • Tetracyclines – deposits and stains bones/teeth

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