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Flashcards in Passage Identifications Exam 2 Deck (47)
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1
Q

“ArmsI sing –and a man, The first to come from the shores Of Troy, exiled by Fate, to ItalyAnd the Laviniancoast; a man batteredOn land and sea by the powers aboveIn the face of Juno’ relentless wrath;A man who also suffered greatly in war Until he could found his city and bring his godsInto Latium, from which rose The Latin people, our Alban forefathers,And the high walls of everlasting Rome.

A

AeneidBook 1:Proem; refers to how Virgil is going to imitate Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad

2
Q

“Muse, tell me why the Queen of HeavenWas so aggrieved, her godhead so offended,That she forced a man of faultless devotionTo endure so much hardship. Can there beAnger so great in the hearts of gods on high?”

A

Invocation of the Muse: All epic poems begin with plea to a Muse to inspire the poet

3
Q

“Three times, four times luckier were thoseWho died before their parent’s eyesUnder Troy’s high walls! O Diomedes, Bravest of the Greeks, if only I had been killed By your right hand on Ilium’s plain,Where Hector went down under Achilles’ spear,Where huge Sarpedonlies, where the Simoisrolls So many shields and helmets caught in its currentAnd the bodies of so many brave heroes!”

A

Aeneas was trying to be a Greek hero, rather than a Roman hero by dying for his country, rather than putting his gods, family and country first like the Roman Gods.

4
Q

“Trojans! This is not our first taste of troubleYou have suffered worse than this, my friends,And God will grant an end to this also …Recall your courageAnd put aside your fear and grief. Someday perhaps,It will help to remember these troubles as well.”

A

Aeneas has concern for his men, he gave a speech to his men after the shipwreck; this is his first time showing piatas

5
Q

“But Aeneas’ love for his son, Ascanius,Would not allow his mind to rest. He sen tAchates, on the run, to the ships To report the news and to bring the boy Back to the city. Ascanius was all Aeneas’ care.”

A

Aeneas has concern for his son (family); therefore showing piatas which is a characteristic of a Roman hero. However, at this point in the book he. is still a greek hero.

6
Q

“Am I to admit defeat,Unable to keep these Trojans and their kingFrom Italy: Forbidden by the Fates, am I?Pallas could burn the Argives’ fleet And drown all hands for one man’s offense …But I, who walk among the gods as their queen,Sister of Jupiter and Jupiter’s wife –I Have to wage war for years on endAgainst this one race. Who will worship JunoAfter this, or bow down before her holy altars?”

A

Juno’s furor because she hates Trojans and knows the Romans are going to defeat Carthage. She hates Trojans because she lost in the judgment of Paris to Venus and because of the abduction of Ganyede, a boy whom she created as cupbearer

7
Q

“Riots will often break out in a crowded assemblyWhen the rabble are roused. Torches and stonesAre soon flying –Fury always finds weapons –But then all eyes light upon a loyalcitizen,A man of respect. The crowd stands stillIn hushed expectation. And with grave wordsHe masters their tempers and calms theirs hearts.”

A

Juno causes chaos by causing the storm while Aeneas is at sea. Neptune takes charge and calms the sea. This is an example of the furor vs imperium theme that persists throughout the Aeneid.

8
Q

“[Romulus will] call the people, after his own name,Romans. For these I set no limitsIn time or space, and have given to them Eternal empire(imperium), world without end.”

A

Jupiter’s Prophecy•Aeneas and men are shipwrecked of coast of N. Africa•Venus complains to Jupiter•Jupiter reveals the future to Venus•Outlines Roman history from Aeneas to Romulus:

9
Q

“The Gates of War,Iron upon bolted iron, shall be closed,And inside, impious Furywill squat enthronedOn the savage weapons of war, hands boundRight behind his back with a hundred brazed knots,Howling horrible curses from his blood-filled mouth.”

A

Continues Jupiter’s prophecy up to Augustus•Imperiumconstraining Furor:

10
Q

“My Queen, you are asking me to relive Unspeakable sorrow, to recall how the GreeksPulled down Troy…But if you are so passionate to learn Of our misfortunes, to hear a brief accountOf Troy’s last struggle –although my mindShudders to remember and recoils in pain,I will begin.”

A

Aeneas is recalling the events of Troy’s struggle to the queen but he is reluctant to do so because it brings him sadness that his city was destroyed

11
Q

“For if you lay violent handsUpon this offering to Minerva,Destruction will fall upon Priam’s realm. But if your hands bring it into the city, Asia will wage war upon Pelop’swallsAnd this fate awaits our children’s children.”

A

Sinon–the lying Greek•Elaborate tale, lots of details•Trying to convinces Trojans to bring horse into city

12
Q

“Are you out of your minds, you poor fools?…Either this lumber Is hiding Achaeans inside, or it has been builtAs an engine of war to attack our walls, …Do not trust the Horse, Trojans! Whatever it is, I fear the Greeks, even when they bring gifts.”With that he hurled his spear with enormous forceInto the vaulting belly of the beast. The shaftStood quivering, and hollow insidesReverberated with a cavernous moan.

A

Death of Laocoön; tries to worn trojans of the horse and gets killed by the serpents of Minerva

13
Q

“Run, child of the goddess. Save yourself fromThese flames. The enemy holds the walls.Great Troy is falling. Enough has been given To Priamand his country. If Pergamum’s heightCould be defended by a hero’s hand,Its defense would have been this hand of mine.Troy commends to you the gods of the city.Accept them as companions of your destinyAnd seek for them the great walls you will found.After you have wandered across the sea.”

A

Ghost of Hector; comes to Aeneas in a dream to tell him to leave Troy to found a new city because the Gods need him to.

14
Q

“Out of my mind, I took up arms –no battle plan,But my soul burned to gather a war partyAnd storm the citadel. Rageand furySent my mind reeling and my only thought Was how glorious it is to die in combat.”

A

Aeneas’ response to Hector; becomes enraged and wants to die and battle to be a Greek hero

15
Q

At that moment, Panthus, priest of Apollo,Ran up to my door, dragging his grandsonAway from the Greek swords, the sacred imagesOf our vanquished gods clutched in his arms.“Troy’s last day and final hour have come. We are Trojans no more. Ilium is no more. The great glory of the Teucrians is gone. Jupiter in his rage has given all to Argos…”

A

Doing what Aeneas shouldbe doing❖Taking care of his family❖Saving the household gods (Panthos)

16
Q

“The next thing we sawWas Cassandra, Priam’s daughter,Being dragged, hair streaming, from the shrineOf Minerva’s temple, lifting to heavenHer burning eyes –her eyes only, For her tender hands were bound. Coroebuscould not endure this. He threw himselfinto the midst of the band, determined to die.”

A

Abduction of CassandraCassandra, daughter of PriamDragged from statue of Athena; serve as reminded to aeneas of what will happen to him and his family if he doesn’t leave troy

17
Q

“The old man slung his long-unused armorOver his trembling shoulders, strapped on His useless sword, and, bound to die,Charged the enemy.”

A

Death of PriamPriam, king of TroyHecuba, his queenNeoptolemus/Pyrrhus,son of Achilles;serve as reminded to aeneas of what will happen to him and his family if he doesn’t leave troy

18
Q

“Then an awful sense of dread enveloped me.I stood in a daze, and there rose before meThe image of my dear father, the same age As the wounded king whom I was watching Gasp out his life. Before me rose Creüsa, Abandoned, the pillaged house, and the plight Of little Iülus.”

A

Cassandra and Priamscenes•serve as reminders for Aeneas•what will happen to his family

19
Q

“What anguish is behind this uncontrollable rage?Why so angry, my son? And where has your loveFor our family gone? Will you not first see Where you left your father, Anchises,Feeble with age, or whether CreüsaAnd your child, Ascanius, are still alive?”

A

Aeneas sees Helen, about to kill her: Venus interrupts and reminds him of his destiny and family

20
Q

“a light tongue of flamegleaming above his head. Harmless to the touchIt licked his soft locks and grazed his temples”

“Thunder crashed on our left, and a starShot down from the sky, sliding through the darkAnd trailing a luminous flood of sparks.”

A

Divine Omens

21
Q

“My wife, Creüsa, was taken from meBy some evil fortune. Had she stopped,Or got lost and sat down exhausted?I never saw her again, didn’t even look back Or think of her behind me until we arrived At the mound by Ceres’ ancient temple….What man or god did I not accuse In my delirium?”

“What good does it do, my sweet husband,To indulge in such mad grief? These thingsDo not happen without the will of the gods.You may not take your Creüsawith you;The Lord of Olympus does not allow it.”

A

Death of Creüsa•Aeneas loses track of Creüsa:; will of the gods so aeneas can fulfill destiny

22
Q

“Brave hearts –brave in vainIf you are committed to follow me to the end –You see how we stand. All the gods Who sustained this realm are gone, leavingAltar and shrine. You are fighting to saveA city in flames. All that is left for usIs to rush onto swords and die. The only chanceFor the conquered is to hope for none.”

A

Aeneas as Dux•Dux–“leader” “commander”•Rouses men to battle:

23
Q

Come, dear father, onto my shoulders now. You will not weigh me down and come what mayWe will face it together, peril or salvation.Little Iüluswill walk beside me, and my wife Will walk in my footsteps some distance behind. Now listen to me, all of my household…”

A

Aeneas as Paterfamilias•Aeneas to Anchises:; father figure of family, takes charge

24
Q

“We keptTo the shadows and I, undisturbed beforeBy any number of weapons thrust my way And whole platoons of Greeks, now was frightenedBy every breeze and startled by every sound,Afraid for my companion and my burden.”

A

concern for son and father; piatas

25
Q

“Take into your hands, Father, the sacred godsOf our country. It would be a sacrilegeIf I touched them before I washed awayThe bloody filth of battle in a living river.”

A

concern for gods, piatas

26
Q

“With tears in my eyes, I left my native shoresAnd harbors and the plains where once was Troy.An exile, I took to sea with my men, my son,And the great gods of my country and home.”

A

embraces destiny

27
Q

“There I sailedAnd on its curving shore began to build, under adverse auspices, my firstcity, And named it after myself, Aeneadae.”

A

Aeneas attempts to build a new city

28
Q

“Why are you rending my flesh, Aeneas?Spare a buried man, do not commit This sacrilege. I am no stranger to you,But Trojan born, nor is it wood and barkThat wells with blood, Flee this savage land,The avaricious coast. For I am Polydorus, Transfixed by spears and overgrownWith an iron crop of sprouted blades.”

A

Voice of Polydorus; bad omen

29
Q

“Enduring sons of Dardanus,The land that bore you from paternal stockWill welcome you back to her fruitful bosom.Seek your ancient mother. From that landThe house of Aeneas will rule the world,His son’s sons and their sons thereafter.”

A

Apollo’s Prophecy; tells Aeneas to seek land of ancestors

30
Q

“And so I began To build my city. I called it PergamumAnd urged my people, who love the old name,To cherish their homes and raise the citadel High with buildings. Our ships were just dry,Drawn up on the beach, our youth beginning Their families and farms, and I was busyMaking laws and parceling land, when suddenly…”

A

Misunderstanding the Gods Anchisesinterprets prophecy incorrectlyTeucer, early Trojan ancestor, originally from CreteAeneas builds another city:

31
Q

“I was making my way up from the harborJust when, as it happened, Andromache Was offering a ritual feast for the deadIn a grove outside the city, beside the waters Of a pretend Simois, pouring libationsTo the ashes of Hector.”

“As I advancedI recognized a little Troy, a PergamumModeled on the great one, a dry creekNamed after the Xanthus, and I embraced Another Scaeangate.”

A

ButhrotumBuilding A New Troy: example of a city that Aeneas shouldn’t build

32
Q

“Here, I, who had weatheredSo many storms at sea, lost my father,Anchises, solace of all my cares.Best of fathers, rescued from such great perilsIn vain, you abandoned me in my weary hour. The seer Helenusforetold many horrorsBut not this grief; nor did Celaeno.This was my final trial, the goal and end Of all my long journeys.”

A

Death of Anchises; Aeneas’ last connection to his past

33
Q

“Why no tinstead work out a lasting peace–sealed with a royal marriage?You have what you want: Dido burning with love, her very bones enflamed .I propose, therefore, that we rule this people jointly, With equal authority.Dido can submit To a Trojan husband, with Carthage as her dowry.”

A

Venus and Juno agree to make Dido and Aeneas fall in love:JunotoVenus:; weird because mothers are arranging marriage;, dido doesn’t want to remarry, and Juno doesn’t like Trojans

34
Q

“But may the earth gape open and swallow me,May the Father Almighty blast meDown to the shades of Erebus belowAnd Night profound, before I violate you, O Modesty (pudicitia), and break your vows.The man who first joined himself to meHas taken my love with him to the grave.”

A

Opening scene of Book 4: Dido and her sister, Anna•Dido trying to keep her oath:

35
Q

“Aeneas and most unfortunate DidoAre preparing a woodland hunt for tomorrow, …I’ll pour down a black rain laced with hailstones And make all the heavens rumble with thunder.The hunters will scatter…And Dido and Aeneas will find themselves In the same cave. I will be there too, And with your consentI will unite them In holy matrimony. This will be their wedding.”

A

Juno to Venus:; Juno is goddess of Marriage but she’s tricking them into a wedding and she doesn’t like Aeneas

36
Q

“Earth herself and bridal JunoGive the signal. Fires flash in the Sky,Witnessto their nuptials, and the Nymphs Wail high on the mountaintop. That day Was the first cause of calamity and of deathTo come. For no longer is Dido swayed By appearances or her good name. No moreDoes she contemplate a secret love. She calls itMarriage, and with that word she cloaks her sin.”

A

strange wedding, in a cave, during storm, weird substitutions for traditional wedding

37
Q

“But the Queen, long sick with love,Nurses her heart’s deep woundWith her pounding blood, and dark flamesLick at her soul. Thoughts of Aeneas –The man’s heroic lineage, his noble character –Flood her mind, his face and words transfix Her heart, and her desire gives her no rest.”

“Dido is burning.She wanders all through the city in her misery,Raving mad, like a doe pierced by an arrowDeep in the woods of Crete. She is unwary, And the arrow, shot by a shepherd who has no ideaWhere it landed, finds the animal,And as she runs all through the DictaeanforestThe lethal shaft clings to her flank.”

A

Dido’s burning love for Aeneas; she is hurting and sick from her love with aeneas
Dido and Aeneas as example of “bad love”•“burning” love:•All-consuming•Destructive•“hunting” metaphor:•The “chase” •Results in death•breaking sacred oath of univira

38
Q

“Are you, of all people,laying the foundations of lofty CarthageAnd building a beautiful city –for a woman?What about your own realm, your own affairs?The ruler of the gods –and of all the universe –Has sent me down to you from bright Olympus,Bearing his message through the rushing winds.What are thinking of, wasting your time in Libya?If your own glorymeans nothing to you,Think of the inheritance you owe to Ascanius–A kingdom in Italy and the soil of Rome.”

A

mercury’s speech, convinces Aeneas to leave Dido and fulfill his destiny

39
Q

“But I hope, If there is any power in heaven, you will suck downYour punishment on rocks in mid-ocean,Calling Dido’s name over and over. GoneI may be, but I’ll pursue you with black fire,And when cold death has cloven body from soul,My ghost will be everywhere. You will pay, You despicable liar, and I will hear the news;Word will reach me in the depths of hell.

A

Dido’s curse

40
Q

“And you, my Tyrians, must persecute his line Throughout the generations –this your tribute To Dido’s ashes. May treaties never unite These nations, may no love ever be lost between them.And from my bones may some avenger rise upTo harry the Trojans with fire and sword,Now and whenever we have the power.May coast oppose coast, waves batter waves, Arms clash with arms, may they be ever at war, They themselves and their children forever.”

A

predicts punic wars

41
Q

“Then Father Aeneas: ‘your prizes are fixed, And no one will change the finishing order.But I do have a consolation prize For our friend who did not deserve to fall.’And he presented the hide of a GaetulianlionTo Salius, a huge shaggy skin with golden claws.”

A

Aeneas decides the prizes are fixed but that Salius can get a consolation prize; exhibiting good leader quality

42
Q

“I come here at Jove’s command, Jove who drove the fire Away from the ships, finally taking pity on youFrom high heaven. You must follow the counsel, Most fair, that old Nautesgives. Choose The bravest hearts and take them to ItalyThere is a rough and sturdy race in LatiumYou must defeat in battle.”

A

Anchises/Jupiter tell Aeneas to take as many men as possible and continue his journey to found Rome

43
Q

“They registered the womenand made citizensOf those souls who had no need of glory…. Aeneas marked out with a plowThe cities boundaries and allotted homesteads,Designating one neighborhood as IliumAnother as Troy. Trojan Acestesgladly Called an assembly and handed down laws To the new city fathers. High on Mount Eryx,Near to the stars, a temple was dedicated To IdalianVenus, and a sacred groveWas annexed to the burial mound of Anchises.”

A

Aeneas is correctly establishing his city

44
Q

“If Orpheuscould call forth his wife’s ghost,Enchanting the shades with his Thracian lyre,If Polluxcould ransom his brother, taking turnsWith death,traveling the wayso many times—Not to mention Theseusand Hercules.I too am descended from Jove most high.”

A

Aeneas gives reasoning fir entering underworld

45
Q

“And among them, her wound still fresh,Phoenician Dido wandered that great wood.The Trojan hero stoodclose to her thereAnd in the gloom recognized her dim form asfaint as the new moon a man sees,Or thinks he sees, through the evening’s haze.He broke into tears and spoke to herWith tender love.”

A

Dido in field of lamentation

46
Q

“Anchises, deep ina green valley, wasreviewingAs a proud father the souls of his descendantsYet to be born intothe light, contemplatingTheir destinies, their great deeds to come.When he saw his son striding toward himThrough the grass, he stretched outHis trembling hands, tears wet his cheeks.”

“These are souls owed another body by Fate.In the ripples of Lethe they sip the watersOf forgetfulness and timeless oblivion.I have been longing to show them to you,The census of my generations, so that youMay rejoice asI do atfinding Italy.”

A

Anchises knows that there were will be great descendants of Aeneas in Rome

47
Q

“There are two Gates of Sleep. One, they say,Is horn, and offers easy exit for true shades.The otheris finishedwith glimmering ivory,But through it the Spirits sendfalse dreamsTo theworld above. Anchisesescorted hissonAs he talked, then sent him with the SibylThrough the Gate of Ivory.”

A

Aeneas is a flawed hero