Particles Flashcards Preview

A-Level Physics > Particles > Flashcards

Flashcards in Particles Deck (35)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

How to find specific charge

A

Charge/mass (kg) of a particle

2
Q

What does the strong nuclear force do

A

Holds the nucleus together by attracting protons and neutrons

3
Q

What is a neutrino

A

A neutrally charged particle with zero mass, emitted during beta decay

4
Q

What are photons

A

Packets of electromagnetic radiation

5
Q

What equation links frequency and wavelength

A

f = c/λ

6
Q

What is an anti-particle

A

A variation of a particle with the same mass and rest energy, but opposite charge

7
Q

How to create matter and antimatter from energy

A

Fire 2 protons at each other at high speed, and they may be converted into more particles

8
Q

What is pair production

A

When a particle and antiparticle are formed from gamma photon

9
Q

What form does the energy from pair production take

A

Photon

10
Q

What is annihilation

A

When a particle meets its antiparticle, their mass is converted back to energy

11
Q

What are exchange particles and what are they called

A

Gauge bosons, the particles exchanged to create a force

12
Q

What are the four fundamental forces

A

Strong and weak nuclear force
EM force
Gravity

13
Q

What particles are affected by EM force

A

Charged particles only

14
Q

What particles are affected by the weak force

A

All types of particles

15
Q

What particles are affected by the strong force

A

Only hadrons

16
Q

Gauge boson for EM force

A

Virtual photon (γ)

17
Q

Gauge boson for the weak force

A

W+, W-

18
Q

Gauge boson for strong force

A

Pions (π+, π-, πº)

19
Q

What are hadrons and what are the two types

A

Particles that feel the strong force and are split into baryons (protons and neutrons) and mesons (pions and kaons)

20
Q

What do all baryons decay and what is the one exception and why

A

Into protons, except protons because they are the only stable baryons

21
Q

What is the baryon number

A

No of baryons in an interaction

22
Q

What does a neutron decay into

A

A proton, electron and an antineutrino

23
Q

What are pions

A

π-mesons are the lightest mesons with three different charges - π+, π-, πº

24
Q

What are kaons

A

K-mesons are heavier than pions and decay into pions. You get K+ and Kº

25
Q

What are leptons

A

Fundamental particles that don’t experience the strong force

26
Q

Baryon no of protons and neutrons

A

+1

27
Q

Baryon no of antibaryons

A

-1

28
Q

Baryon no of non-baryons

A

0

29
Q

2 types of hadrons

A

Baryons and mesons

30
Q

What are quarks

A

Fundamental particles, the building block for hadrons

31
Q

3 properties of quarks

A

up, down, strangeness

32
Q

What four properties are always conserved in particle interactions

A

Charge, baryon no, strangeness in strong interactions and lepton no

33
Q

What is a fundamental particle

A

A particle that cannot be broken down - has no sub-structure

34
Q

Symbol equation for electron capture

A

p + e- = n + Ve

35
Q

What makes strange particle different to others

A

They are created via the strong interaction and decay via the weak