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HS233 Social Sciences Research > Paradigms > Flashcards

Flashcards in Paradigms Deck (13)
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1
Q

Paradigm

A
  • Research Paradigms address the philosophical dimensions of social science
  • A Research Paradigm is a set of fundamental assumptions and beliefs as to how the world is perceived which then serves as thinking frameworks that guides the behaviour of the researcher (Wahyuni, 2012)
  • Research Paradigms are the frameworks, perspectives or models from which we see, interpret and understand the world
  • Paradigms shape the whole research process
2
Q

Major Research Paradigms

A
  • Positivism/Post-positivisms
  • Interpretivism/Constructivism
  • Pragmatism
  • Transformative
3
Q

Major Research Paradigms - Positivism/Post-Postivism

A

Both start with testing the theory in the form of hypotheses and involve statistical tests in their research process.
• Social Reality is objective and independent of human experience (positivists)
• Maintains separation from the researcher and researched
• Develops numeric measures to generate knowledge – generalized knowledge (nomothetic approach)
• Believes in universality of knowledge
• Believes in generalization, but admits that knowledge is a result of social conditioning (post-positivism)
• Social reality needs to be framed in a certain context (post-positivism)

4
Q

Major Research Paradigms - Interpretivism/Constuctivism

A

—• Opposite to positivism and post-positivism
—• Believes that knowledge is subjective
—• Reality is constructed by social actors and people
—• Individuals contribute to the construction of knowledge
—• Social reality can change and have multiple perspectives
—• Works with qualitative data (idiographic approach)
—• Provides detailed explanation and narratives
—• Researcher and research participants influence data and analysis

5
Q

Major Research Paradigms - Pragmatism

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  • Refuses to join paradigm debates between interpretivism and positivism
  • Start with research question and determine research framework
  • Accepts mixture of ontology, epistemology and axiology
  • Use both qualitative and quantitative data to better understand the reality
6
Q

Major Research Paradigms - Transformative

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  • Focuses on change and transformation
  • Participatory/collaborative
  • Power and Justice oriented
  • Focused on social change
7
Q

Ontologically

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Ontologically both share common view that social reality is external and objective

8
Q

Axiologically

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Axiologically, they maintain separation from the researcher and the researched

9
Q

Epistemologically

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Epistemologically, they advocate the use of a scientific approach by developing numeric measures to generate acceptable knowledge.

10
Q

Research Methodology/Research Approach

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The overall model behind the research/overall approach

  • Qualitative
  • Quantitative
  • Mixed Methods
11
Q

Research Methods/Data Collection Methods

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The specific strategy how to collect, analyze and analyze data/Procedure for inquiry

  • Interview
  • Survey
  • Questionnaire
  • Participant Observation
12
Q

Research Design

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The specific strategy how to collect, analyze, and analyze data/Procedures for inquiry

  • Experimental Design
  • Ethnography
  • Case Study
  • Narrative Inquiry
13
Q

Paradigms/Worldview

A

Perspectives how we see and understand the world, and consequently the research process

  • Positivism/Post-Positivism
  • Constructivism/Interpretvism