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PPO2 > Pang 2 low vision > Flashcards

Pang 2 low vision Flashcards

1
Q

A vision rehabilitation examination is an exam to determin how someone ____ with their current vision level and provide strageties to ___ their funcitioning for performing desired activities

A

functions, improve

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2
Q

A vision rehabilitation examination (is/is not) a general eye exam to determine the general refractive and health status of the eye(is/is not) treating the disease

A

is not, is not

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3
Q
  • Detailed functional history
  • Obtain VA differently
  • Trial frame refraction
  • Central field test
  • General observations
  • Ocular & medical history
  • Visual acuity
  • Gross visual field
  • Ocular health assessment
  • Contrast sensitivity
  • Optical device testing
  • pick the ones that are the same in a vision rehabilitation and general eye exam
A 
General observations
Ocular & medical history 
Visual acuity 
Gross visual field  
Ocular health assessment
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4
Q
  • Detailed functional history
  • Obtain VA differently
  • Trial frame refraction
  • Central field test
  • General observations
  • Ocular & medical history
  • Visual acuity
  • Gross visual field
  • Ocular health assessment
  • Contrast sensitivity
  • Optical device testing
  • pick the ones that are different in a vision rehabilitation and general eye exam
A 
Detailed functional history
Obtain VA differently
Trial frame refraction
Central field test
Contrast sensitivity
Optical device testing
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5
Q

T/F in a vision rehabilitation you are not treating the eye disease, but treating patients functional abilities

A

T

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6
Q

how would you know if someone has a hearing impairment?

A

ask! duh

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7
Q

T/F when greeting a person with a visual impairment you should help them without needing to be asked

A

F. ask the patient first!

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8
Q

where on your arm should the visually impaired person grab your arm?

A

above your elbow

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9
Q

where should the visually impaired person stand when doing a sighted guide?

A

half step behind you

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10
Q

what are some of the things you want to tell the pt in a sighted guid when approaching stairs?

A

Always alert visually impaired person once your approach stairs
Inform them if stairs are going up or down
Inform them where the handrail is located
Tell them when there is one last step

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11
Q

T/F observations begin the moment you greet the patient and continue throughtout the entire exam

A

T

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12
Q

what is different in obtaining a distance visual acuity in low vision exam?

A

technique and chart

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13
Q

what must you try to do in a distance visual acuity exam during a low vision exam

A

try to quantify the visual acuity

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14
Q

Poor measurement of

A

standard projector

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15
Q

Poor measurement of <20/100 vision
Less optotypes per line
Set test distance
Limited by size of screen

-are disadvantages of a (standard projector/computerized acuity system)

A

computerized acuity

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16
Q

Doesn’t require room lighting
Lines can be isolated

-are benefits for a (standard projector/computerized acuity system)

A

standard projector chart

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17
Q

Many choices of optotypes
Eliminate patient memorization
High contrast optotypes
-are benefits for a (standard projector/computerized acuity system)

A

computerized acuity systems

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18
Q

what does ETDRS stAND FOR?

A

Eearly treatment for diabetic retinopathy study

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19
Q

which chart improves standardization adn accuracy in measuring VA
-(EDTRS/feinbloom chart)

A

EDTRS

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20
Q 
Benefits:
Portable 
Test at any distance 
High contrast numbers
Large optotypes
Can measure
A

fleinbloom chart

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21
Q

Useful for:
Children or adults who are unable to read letters
Non-verbal (i.e. stroke, developmental delay, etc)
Communication barrier (different language)
–describe (EDTRS/fleinbloom chart/lea symbols)

A

lea symbols or numbers, tumbling E or C

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22
Q

Fleingbloom chart is in (meters/feet)

A

feet

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23
Q

EDTRS is in (meters/feet)

A

meters

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24
Q

Visual acuity in M notation is (test disnace/letter size) over (test distance/letter size)

A

test distance over letter size

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25
Q

when using the EDTRS you start at __meters
A)2
B)3
c)4

A

2 meters

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26
Q

when recording distance VA you alwasy record the ___ test disance you used and the ___ letter size

A

exact, actual

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27
Q

T/F when recording distance VA you want to not the extrapolations i nparentheses and not the chart you used

A

T

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28
Q

why do we record VA differently in vision rehabilitation

A

more accurate measure of visual acuities

  • can repeat the same testing conditions as previeous clinician
  • easily determine if any changed in vA
  • avoids confusion
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29
Q

for the feinbloom distance VA you want to start at ___feet
A)20
B)30
c)10

A

10

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30
Q

is a pinhole acuity done in a vision rehabilitation exam?

A

rarely becuae we already know the cause of patients reduced acuity , we dotn need pinhole to determine if the etiology is refactive or ocular disease

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31
Q

what is most common goal for patients with vision loss is ?

A

reading

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32
Q

T/F you can use reduced snellen notation if distance is different than 40 cm

A

F you can not use reduced snellen notation if test distance is different than 40 cm

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33
Q

T/F for near visual acuity in low vision exam you record meter units not reduced snellen

A

T

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34
Q

Based in typography
Measures size of typeface height of a letter
Not entirely standardized, but useful in determining acuity for typing (computer use)
-describes (automaticiy/point notation/loading)

A

point notation

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35
Q 
to convert snellen to point you
A) divide by 6
B)divide by 8
C)multiply by 50
for near VA
A

divide by 6

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36
Q 
to convert from point to meters you
A) divide by 6
B)divide by 8
C)multiply by 50
-for near VA
A

divide by 8

37
Q 
to convert from meters to snellen
A) divide by 6
B)divide by 8
C)multiply by 50
-for near VA
A

multiply by 50

38
Q

Limit of acuity to be able to recognize print
Example: Looking at price tags, reading a food label, reading mail, looking at medicine bottle label
- describes the (spot/sustained) reading acuity

A

spot

39
Q

Limit of acuity for reading print for a longer period of time (~10 minutes or more)
Text must be larger than threshold near VA in order to sustain reading for this amount of time
Example: Reading books, magazines, newspapers
- describes the (spot/sustained) reading acuity

A

sustained

40
Q

visual field testing determines the ___ and ___ of teh peripheral field

A

limits, sensitivity

41
Q 
Stimulus changes in brightness
Techniques: 
Confrontation fields
Humphrey automated perimetry
Octopus perimetry
-describes (static/kinetic) visual field testing
A

static

42
Q 
Points tested are moving from an unseen area 	to a seeing area
Stimulus brightness is the same
Techniques
Tangent screen
Humphrey SSA Kinetic Test
Goldmann perimetry 
Octopus perimetry

-describes (static/kinetic) visual field testing

A

kinetic

43
Q

central field testing assess the (size/location/brightness/sensitivity) of central or paracentral scotomas –pick two

A

size, location

44
Q 
Amsler grid 
Humphrey automated perimetry 
California Central Visual Field Test
Octopus perimetry
-test the (peripheral/central field)
A

central

45
Q

SLO stands for and is the gold standard in mapping scotomoas

A

scannign laser ophtalmoscope

46
Q

what does CCVFT stand for

A

california central visual field test

47
Q 
the CCVFT is done at \_\_ cm and each cm is _ degree
A)40,2
B)57, 2
c)40, 1
D) 57, 1
A

57 , 1

48
Q

(static/kinetic) CCVFT presents in all 8 quadrants to locate scotomas

A

static

49
Q

(static/kinetic) CCVFT presents from seeing to non-seeing areas to determine size of scotoma

A

kinetic

50
Q

static CCVFT (locates scotoma/determines size of scotoma)

A

locates scotoma

51
Q

kinetic CCVFT (locates scotoma/determines size of scotoma)

A

determiens size of scotoma

52
Q

T/F Sk read is designed to allow words to be easily confused and facilitate mistakes encountered while reading . the pattern of mistakes differentiate left and right sided scotomas

A

T

53
Q

why is eye dominance important?

A

to determine which eye will be the primary functioning eye

54
Q

why is hand dominance important?

A

to determine which hand will be holding optical devices

55
Q

T/F seeing contrast sensitivity is part of our daily life

A

T

56
Q

Sloan letters of the same size

Differ in contrast by every letter triplet (0.15 log units)

Distance chart, tested at 1 meter
(1 cpd spatial frequency)

NEI gold standard

Quick & easy to administer

Reliable results
-describe which test (pelli-robinson/vistech)

A

pelli robson

57
Q

Uses sine wave gratings to measure 5 spatial frequencies along CSF curve

Distance chart, tested at 1 or 3 meters

Time consuming

Poor test-retest reliability
-describe which test (pelli-robinson/vistech)

A

vistech

58
Q

how many letters need to be missed within a triplet for the pelli robson test in order to log final contrast sensitivity

A

2

59
Q

Sloan letters of the same size
differ in contrast with each letter (0.04 log units)

Near chart, 50cm test distance
(0.5-2 cpd spatial frequencies)
Quick & easy to administer
Good reliability

describe which test ((pelli-robinson/vistech/MARS)

A

MArs

60
Q

what is the testing distance for the MARS contrast sensitivty test_cm
A)50
B)40
C)35

A

50cm

61
Q

when scoring the MARS test put it in order by steps :

  • log-value of the last correct letter identified
  • subtract the number of individual misses
  • x0.04
A
  1. log value of the last correct letter identified
  2. subtract number of individual misses
  3. X 0.04
62
Q 
match to correct one for MART test interpretation
prfound CS loss
a)0 - 0.48 logMAR
b)0.52 – 1.00 logMAR
c)1.04 – 1.48 logMAR
D)1.52 – 1.76
e)1.72 – 1.92
A

a)0 - 0.48 logMAR

63
Q

match to correct one for MART test interpretation
Severe CS loss

a)0 - 0.48 logMAR
b)0.52 – 1.00 logMAR
c)1.04 – 1.48 logMAR
D)1.52 – 1.76
e)1.72 – 1.92

A

b)0.52 – 1.00 logMAR

64
Q

match to correct one for MART test interpretation
Moderate CS loss

a)0 - 0.48 logMAR
b)0.52 – 1.00 logMAR
c)1.04 – 1.48 logMAR
D)1.52 – 1.76
e)1.72 – 1.92

A

c)1.04 – 1.48 logMAR

65
Q

match to correct one for MART test interpretation
Typical for age 60 and older

a)0 - 0.48 logMAR
b)0.52 – 1.00 logMAR
c)1.04 – 1.48 logMAR
D)1.52 – 1.76
e)1.72 – 1.92

A

D)1.52 – 1.76

66
Q

match to correct one for MART test interpretation
Typical for middle age & young adults

a)0 - 0.48 logMAR
b)0.52 – 1.00 logMAR
c)1.04 – 1.48 logMAR
D)1.52 – 1.76
e)1.72 – 1.92

A

e)1.72 – 1.92

67
Q

what is JND?

A

it is the miniumum lens change that a patient can appreciate

68
Q

what units are used in JND?

A

diopter

69
Q

what is the formula for loose trial lenses to use in refraction ?

A

+/- JND/2

70
Q
  • Distance optical devices is specified in terms of its angular magnification
  • Units are “X”

-Angular magnification: using an optical system to increase the angular subtense of the image compared to the angular subtense of the object itself
describes which one?

  1. Distance magnification formula
    1. Kestenbaum formula
    2. Lighthouse method
    3. Equivalent viewing distance
A
  1. Distance magnification formula
71
Q

determing the starting power of optical devices used to demonstrate to the patien is useful when predicting(magnificaion/automaticity)

A

magnification

72
Q 
the distance magnificaiton formula is 
denominator of (actual/goal) VA over denominator of (acutal/goal) VA
A

actual over goal

73
Q

what units is near magnification recorded in ?

A

diopters

74
Q 
Reciprocal of distance vision
describes which test
1. Distance magnification formula
	2. Kestenbaum formula
	3. Lighthouse method
	4. Equivalent viewing distance
A
  1. Kestenbaum formula
75
Q 
Reciprocal of near vision x Reference add
describes which test
1. Distance magnification formula
	2. Kestenbaum formula
	3. Lighthouse method
	4. Equivalent viewing distance
A
  1. Lighthouse method
76
Q

(Actual near VA denominator/Goal near VA) X(accommodative demand or reference add)

  1. Distance magnification formula
    1. Kestenbaum formula
    2. Lighthouse method
    3. Equivalent viewing distance
A
  1. Equivalent viewing distance
77
Q

Purpose of _____ devices: allow an individual to see print or objects or materials by magnification.

A

optical

78
Q

T/F Handheld magnifiers and high-plus reading glasses need to have the proper working distance

A

T

79
Q

T/F Telescopes need to be focused & held in the proper position to see the desired object

A

T

80
Q

T/F CCTV and electronic video magnifiers can be used for many tasks, and need training for each task

A

T

81
Q

Spectacles: High plus spectacles, microscopic lenses, base-in prism spectacles, doublet lenses
Hand magnifiers
Stand magnifiers
Reading telescopes

are used for :
A)near
B_intermediate
C)distance
D)adaptive/assistive technologies
E)non-optical
A

near

82
Q 
Loupes, Telescopes
are used for :
A)near
B_intermediate
C)distance
D)adaptive/assistive technologies
E)non-optical
A

intermediate

83
Q 
Monocular telescopes, spectacle mounted telescopes, binocular telescopes
are used for :
A)near
B_intermediate
C)distance
D)adaptive/assistive technologies
E)non-optical
A

distance

84
Q 
Desktop CCTV, handheld CCTV, CCTV with distance/near camera, computer software programs, OCR technology, GPS navigation systems
are used for :
A)near
B_intermediate
C)distance
D)adaptive/assistive technologies
E)non-optical
A

D)adaptive/assistive technologie

85
Q 
Absorptive filters (sunglasses), fitover sunglasses, typoscope, check writing guide, liquid level indicator, lamps, felt tip pens, talking watch/clock, tactile (bump) dots, talking glucometer, etc
are used in :
A)near
B_intermediate
C)distance
D)adaptive/assistive technologie
E)non-optical
A

nonoptical

86
Q 
Near spot
Near sustained
Intermediate spot
Intermediate sustained
Distance spot
Distance sustained
Kinds of tasks:
Reading prices at a store
Reading med bottle labels/insulin syringes
Reading mail, bills
Looking at photographs
Kinds of devices:
Handheld magnifiers
Kind of therapy:
Finding focal point of magnifier
-match description to correct category
A

near spot viewing

87
Q 
Near spot
Near sustained
Intermediate spot
Intermediate sustained
Distance spot
Distance sustained
Kinds of tasks:
Reading newspaper, books, magazines
Writing letters or cards
Crocheting and/or sewing
Kinds of devices:
High-plus reading glasses
Stand magnifiers
Head borne loupes
Near telescopes
Kind of therapy:
Train use of device
Train patients to use bold lined paper and felt tipped pens
-match description to correct category
A

Near sustained

88
Q 
Near spot
Near sustained
Intermediate spot
Intermediate sustained
Distance spot
Distance sustained
-match description to correct category
Kinds of tasks:
Read a street sign
Read an aisle sign in market
Identifying people’s faces
Seeing board at school
Kinds of devices:
Handheld telescopes
Kind of therapy:
Locating item to view, getting TS to eye and positioned on item to view, focusing TS
Functionally walking and spotting signs or objects
A

distance spot viewing

89
Q 
Kinds of tasks:
Watch TV or movie
Bird watching
Concerts, sporting events, theater
Kinds of devices:
Spectacle mounted telescopes
Kind of therapy:
Finding object of interest and maintaining fixation
Scanning techniques to visualize entire performance
Near spot
Near sustained
Intermediate spot
Intermediate sustained
Distance spot
Distance sustained
-match description to correct category
A

distance sustained viewing

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