Pancreatic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Greatest risk factor for DM2

A

Obesity

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2
Q

What is the Somogyi effect?

A

Rebound response to nocturnal hypoglycemia, leads to morning hyperglycemia. Treat by decreasing insulin in the patient in the evening to avoid the hypoglycemia during the night.

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3
Q

What is the Dawn Phenomenon?

A

Nocturnal secretion of growth hormone leading to morning hyperglycemia. Treat by increasing insulin in the evening to cover higher blood sugar overnight.

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4
Q

What are the 4 ways DM can be diagnosed?

A
  1. Two fasting glucose measurements greater than 125mg/dL
  2. One Random glucose of 200 or greater with symptoms
  3. Increased glucose level on oral glucose tolerance test
  4. HbA1c greater than 6.5%
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5
Q

What medication should be given to all diabetics over age 30?

A

ASA

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6
Q

How often should HbA1c be measured in diabetics and what should the goal be?

A

Every 3 months and goal is less than 7%

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7
Q

How is diabetes screened?

A

Tested in all patients over 45 at least every 3 years

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8
Q

Best initial therapy for DM 2

A

Diet and Exercise

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9
Q

Best initial therapy for DM 2 when diet and exercise fail.

A

Oral Hypoglycemic Drug like metformin

-acts on the liver to stop production of glucose and stop glycogenolysis

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10
Q

With Metformin:

  1. Major side effect
  2. Contraindication
A
  1. Lactic Acidosis

2. Renal Failure

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11
Q

How is insulin dosed?

A

By units

usually dosing in 0.5U to 1U per day

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12
Q

What information does an HbA1c measurement give?

A

Degree of glucose control over the past 2-3 months

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