p. 498-506 Flashcards Preview

Ch 17 Cardiovascular Emergencies > p. 498-506 > Flashcards

Flashcards in p. 498-506 Deck (45)
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1
Q

T/F According to the CDC heart disease is the leading cause of death in both men an women accounting for 600,000 die each year

A

True

2
Q

What is the most common type of heart disease responsible for more than 385,000 deaths each year

A

Coronary artery disease

3
Q

In the US someone has a heart attack every

A

34 seconds

4
Q

In the US a person dies from a heart disease event every

A

minute

5
Q

Signs and symptoms of the many possible cardiac conditions, referred to as

A

cardiac compromise

6
Q

this will destroy the clot and restore blood flow to the heart.

A

mechanical therapy or angioplasty

7
Q

this is a condition that causes the smallest of arterial structures to become stiff and less elastic. Often referred to as “hardening of the arteries”

A

Arteriosclerosis

8
Q

This is a form of Arteriosclerosis, that is a systemic arterial disease

A

Atherosclerosis

9
Q

anthere means

A

gruel or porridge

10
Q

scleros means

A

hard

11
Q

this is an inflammatory disease that starts within the innermost lining of the blood vessels, where endothelial cells become damaged

A

atherosclerosis

12
Q

the buidup of fatty deposits is also known as

A

atherosclerosis

13
Q

when a patient has a buildup of fatty deposits on the inside of the coronary arteries, the condition is called

A

coronary artery disease

14
Q

fatty deposits reduce the coronary arteries ablilty to

A

dialate or become larger and deliever blood flow to the heart

15
Q

this syndrome is a result from a variety of conditions that can affect the heart in which the coronary arteries are narrowed or occluded by fat deposits, clots, or spasm.

A

acute coronary syndrome

16
Q

the word acute refers to

A

sudden onset

17
Q

the word coronary refers to

A

condition affecting coronary arteries

18
Q

The word syndrome refers to

A

a group of signs and symptoms produced by the condition.

19
Q

name the 2 conditions that are part of any acute coronary syndrome

A
unstable angina
myocardial infraction (heart attack)
20
Q

a heart muscle not receiving an adequate amount of oxygenated blood because of the narrowing of coronary arteries by plaque or spasms, clot formation inside the coronary artery blocking the blood flow results in

A

cardiac cell hypoxia

21
Q

cardiac cell hypoxia is also known as

A

myocardial ischemia

22
Q

myo refers to

A

muscles

23
Q

cardio refers to

A

heart

24
Q

this refers to a deficient supply of oxygenated blood

A

ischemia

25
Q

myocardial ischemia is a state in which there is

A

inadequate delivery of oxygen to the heart muscle

26
Q

a typical response of the heart to ischemia in a patient is

A

chest discomfort

27
Q

this is a symptom commonly associated with coronary artery disease which literally means pain in the chest

A

angina pectoris

28
Q

this term indicates angina discomfort that is prolonged and worsening, or that occurs without exertion and when patient is at rest

A

unstable angina

29
Q

classic angina is typically relieved with rest and

A

nitroglycerin

30
Q
stedy discomfort in the chest
described as pressure, tightness, aching
discomfort in the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, back
cool, clammy skin
anxiety
dyspnea
diaphoresis
indigestion pain
A

signs and symptoms of:

angina pectoris

31
Q

this occurs when a portion of the heart muscle dies because of the lack of an adequate supply of oxygenated blood

A

acute myocardial infraction

32
Q

this occurs when when a weakened section of the aortic wall begins to dialate or ballon outward from the pressure exerted by the blood flowing through the vessel (most often occurs in the abdominal region)

A

aortic aneurysm

33
Q

this occurs when there is a tear in the inner lining of the aorta and blood enters the opening and causes separation of the layers of the aortic wall (most often occurs in the area of the thorax)

A

aortic dissection

34
Q

If aortic dissection is suspected do we administer aspirin?

A

NO

35
Q

T/F coronaty artery disease in females is the single largest cause of death in the US

A

True

36
Q

the restoration of blood to an area of tissue that was once ischemic from low blood flow or occlusion of a vessel is called

A

reperfusion

37
Q

the free radicals that directly damage cell membranes and other cellular components is called

A

reperfusion injury

38
Q

higher oxygen levels in the blood result in an (increase or decrease) in the production of damaging free radicals and greater cell and tissue death

A

increase

39
Q

T/F hyperoxygenating the acute coronary syndrome patient may lead to greater cardiac cell damage and death

A

True

40
Q

heart failure is either categorized as

A

left ventricular or right ventricular failure

41
Q

T/F capillaries in the lungs are the site of gas exchange with the alveoli

A

True

42
Q

when pressure in the capillaries is increased, fluid begins to leak out between the capillary and alveoli, the fluid collects between the capillary and alveloli and distal bronchioles which causes the space between the capillary and the alveoli to widen. this condition is referred to as

A

pulmonary edema

43
Q

the right side of the heart may fail due to

A

failure of the left side of the heart or hypertension

44
Q

this is a medical diagnosis that refers to the condition in which there is a build-up of fluid in the body resulting from the pump failure of the heart.

A

congestive heart failure (CHF)

45
Q

treatment for a patient with heart failure or acute myocardial infraction includes

A

ensure open airway

provide positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen