overview of fossil primates Flashcards

1
Q

derived traits

A

distinct traits

  • orthograde: upright body position
  • forward facing eyes
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2
Q

evolution during cenozoic

A

time period divided into 7 epochs:

1) paleocene
2) Eocene
3) Oligocene
4) Miocene
5) Pliocene
6) pleistocene
7) Holocene

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3
Q

Paleocene

A

65 mya; primate-like mammals

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4
Q

Eocene

A

55.8 mya; first true primates (prosimians)

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5
Q

oligocene

A

33 mya; precursors to monkeys and apes emerge

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6
Q

Miocene

A

23 mya; monkeys and apes emerge, first humanlike creatures appear

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7
Q

pliocene

A

5.3mya; early humans diversify

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8
Q

pleistocene

A

1.8 mya; early homo develops

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9
Q

Holocene

A

(0.01 mya; present epoch)

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10
Q

last common ancestor

A

hypothetical species that was last to exist before diverging into meyriad of sister orders related to primates

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11
Q

crown group

A

all taxa that come after major speciation events

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12
Q

stem groups

A

taxa in a clade before major speciation event

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13
Q

origin of primates

A

between 90 and 65 mtya

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14
Q

altiatlasius

A
  • a possible earliest true primate known from a handful of teeth from morocco
  • no other terrestrial mammalian fossils are known from this time in africa
  • comparison are difficult
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15
Q

Eocene Euprimates

A
  • forward facing eyes
  • greater encephalization
  • postorbital bar
  • nails, not claws
  • opposable big toe
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16
Q

Eociene primates features

A
  • forward eye rotation
  • small eye socket
  • weighed less than 1 ounce
17
Q

y-5 molar pattern

A

molars that have 5 cusps, oriented in a manner forming a y-shaped groove pattern on the surface

18
Q

bilophodonty

A

molars that have 4 usps, oriented in 2 parallel rows, characteristic of old world monkeys

19
Q

paleoprimatologist

A

a person who specializes in the study of the nonhuman primate fossil record

20
Q

old world monkey characteristics (relative to ape)

A

-narrow nose and palate
-smaller brain
-bilophodont molars
-smaller average body size
-longer torso
=shorter arms
=tail

21
Q

ape characteristic (relative to old world monkeys)

A
  • broader nose and palate
  • larger brain
  • y-5 molars
  • larger average body size
  • shorter torso
  • longer arems
  • no tail