Overview Flashcards
how innervated are oral structures?
heavily innervated
what does stimulation of tooth pulps cause?
Due to being highly innervated , stimulation produces almost exclusively the sensation pain so most operative procedures involving teeth have the potential to be extremely painful
what is anaesthesia?
loss of all sensation
what is analgesia?
loss of pain sensation
what is local anaesthesia?
a method of anaesthesia that acts in a local (i.e. specific) area of the body and does not result in a loss of consciousness
what is local anaesthesia used for?
- Pain control: during a procedure / post operatively
- Diagnosis
- Haemostasis (due to vasoconstrictor)
Name the different types of local anaesthesia.
- topical
- infiltration
- regional
- supplementary
what is topical anaesthesia?
anaesthesia of surface tissues
what is the use of topical anaesthesia?
- aid to pain free injections
- very minor oral surgery
- abscess incision
- palate for impressions
what is infiltration anaesthesia?
Anaesthesia achieved by diffusion of the anaesthetic solution to the site of action and site of operation - in the case of teeth, the root apex
how is infiltration effectiveness determined?
effectiveness determined by the permeability of the tissues (especially bone) through which the solution has to pass
what are the limitations of infiltration anaesthesia?
dependent on thickness of bone therefore not as useful with upper and lower molar regions
what is regional block anaesthesia?
anaesthesia achieved by blocking a nerve trunk, often at some distance from the site of operation
What nerves are commonly blocked in block anaesthesia?
- inferior alveolar (dental)
- mental and incisive
- lingual
- long buccal
- greater palatine
- naso-palatine
when are supplemental techniques used?
when other types of anaesthesia have failed to work or need an alternate option
