Other Zoonotic or Vector Borne diseases Flashcards

1
Q

francisella tularensis

A

causes rabbit fever/tularemia/glandular fever

Gram neg rod that grows in macrophages, cysteine-supplemented media required

vector is hard tick or contact with infected rabbit

VERY infectious –> low infectious dose

at risk: hunters, vets, lab workers

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2
Q
A

francisella tularensis

small gram - coccobaccilus/rod

grows in macrophages

causes tularemia/rabbit fever/glandular fever

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3
Q

different tularemia infections

A

Ulceroglandular tularemia - d/t primary infection of the skin

-skin ulcer (animal/insect bite), Swollen and painful LNs, fevers, chills

Oculoglandular tularemia - affects the eyes/conjunctiva

  • Eye pain, redness, swelling, eyelid ulcer, light sensitivity

Pneumonic tularemia - resembles pneumonia; aerosol transmission or spread to lungs

-Dry cough, Chest pain, Difficulty breathing

Typhoidal tularemia - d/t ingestion

-High fever, exhaustion, N/V/D, hepatosplenomegaly, Pneumonia

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4
Q

culture medium for tularemia requires

A

cysteine

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5
Q

brucella species

A

intracellular parasites of the RES in humans

no vector!!, genitourinary pathogen in animals –> shed in milk

-acquired by infected milk or contact with cattle, sheep, pigs, goats

causes brucellosis (undulant fever)

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6
Q

increased risk factors for brucellosis

A
  • slaughterhouse workers and meat-packing
  • vets/lab workers/hunters

and

UNpasteurized cheeses (tourists!!!)

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7
Q

pathogenesis of brucellosis

A

multiplies in macrophages and phagocytic cells of the RES

creates granulomas with recurrent bacteremia

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8
Q

chronic brucellosis (undulant fever) symptoms

A

Incubation period: 2- 8 weeks

Fever, night sweats, headaches, chills, myalagia, weight loss

Organs of the RES often NOT enlarged

Complications = hepatic lesions, arthritis, meningitis, and endocarditis

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9
Q

bartonella diseases and their vectors

A

bartonella henselae (cat scratch) = flea

bartonella quintana (trench fever) = lice

bartonella bacilliformis (carrions disease) = sand fly

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10
Q

cat scratch disease

A

bartonella henselae

cat flea is vector

in immuno competent –> catscratch disease (inflammation)

in immuno compromised –> bacillar angiomatosis (erythrocyte and endothelial colonization)

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11
Q
A

bacillary angiomatosis

due to bartonella

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12
Q

trench fever

A

caused by bartonella quintana

vector is lice; human reservoir

5 days of fever (febrile bacteremia) in immuno competent

immunocompromised –> bacillary angiomatosis and endocarditis

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13
Q

bartonellosis by nartonella bacilliformis

A

vector is sandfly; human reservoir

causes Biphasic disease –> carrions disease

1st phase = oroya fever (hemolytic anemia)

2nd phase = verruga peruana (blood filled/purple warts)

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14
Q

treatment for cat scratch disease?

A

azithromycin

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15
Q

rickettsiaceae bacteria

A

obligate intracellular bacteria that are usually transmitted by arthropods

gram -coccobacilli; visible with giemsa stain

2 types - rickettsia and orientia.

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16
Q

R. Rickettsii causes….

A

RMSF rocky mtn spotted fever

vector = ticks

17
Q

spread of rickettsia from cell to cell involves….

A

actin polymerization

18
Q

pathogenesis of spotted fever and typhus (rickettsiaceae)

A

vasculitis!!

caused by proliferation of the organisms in the endothelial lining of small vessels

vascular lesions in skin are prominent

19
Q

rickettsia rickettsii

A

cause of RMSF

tick borne

20
Q

tick vector in the west

tick vector in the east

tick vector in part of arizona

A

west = dermacator andersonii

east = dermacator verabilis

az = rhipicephalus sanguineus

21
Q
A

rocky mountain spotted fever

d/t R. rickettsii

22
Q

best treatment for rickettsial infections including RMSF?

A

doxycycline

23
Q

rickettsia akara

A

Cause of rickettsial pox

mite-borne (rodent –> mite –> human)

occurs in USA and everywhere.

Rash more like that of chicken pox (papulovesicular); Eschar at site of mite bite (mimics cutaneous anthrax)

24
Q

rickettsia prowazekii

A

cause of epidemic typhus

Body louse

not in USA; in places of war (Somalia)

25
Q

rickettsia typhi

A

Cause of endemic or murine typhus

disease occurs worldwide to include USA (Gulf Coast area)

flea-borne; rodent vectors

26
Q

ehrlichia and anaplasma

A

obligate intracellular bacteria that survive in cytoplasmic vacuoles of mammalian hematopoetic cells

(in contrast to Rickettsia and Orientia that live in endothelial cells)

27
Q

Rickettsia and Orientia

vs

ehrlichia and anaplasma

A

R/O – live in endothelial cells

E/A - live in cytoplasmic vacuoles of mamal hematopoetic cells

28
Q

lone star tick is geographically located

A

south east US

29
Q

anaplasma phagocytophilum

A

primarily infects granulocytes (neutrophils and rarely eosinophils).

The pathogen is often referred to as the agent of HGE.

Transmitted by Ixodes scapularis -can co-transmit the agent of Lyme disease, Borrellia burgdorferi

30
Q

coxiella burnetii

A

humans infected through contact with cattle, goats, sheep

ticks probably important in animal to animal transmission

flu like illness (Q fever) –> atypical pneumonia; rarely endocarditis

31
Q

Ticks cause….(8)

Mites cause…(2)

Lice cause…(3)

Fleas cause… (4)

A

Ticks-Lyme disease, HGE, HME, STARI, endemic relapsing fever, RMSF and sometimes tularemia and Q fever

Mites-Scrub typhus, Rickettsialpox

Lice-Trench fever, epidemic typhus, epidemic relapsing fever

Fleas- endemic typhus (=murine typhus), murine typhus like, bubonic plague, cat scratch fever

32
Q

characteristics of ticks that make them high potential vectors

A
  • Persistent bloodsuckers - attach firmly
  • Slow feeding - allows wide dispersion
  • Highly sclerotized - resistant to environmental stresses
  • Relatively free from natural enemies
  • Wide host range - certain source of blood
  • Longevity - may live 14 years or more (soft ticks)
  • Transovarian transmission - pass infection onto progeny
  • Reproductive potential - may deposit up to 18,000 eggs