What is linchen planus?
damage to the basal layer with formation of cytoid bodies
with upper dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes and irreguar sawtooth acanthosis
What is the presentation of lichen planus?
violaceous plaques with a flat itchy top
can occur as white bits on mucous membranes (Wickhams striae)
What is the treatment for linchen planus?
steroids
What does HPV type 1-4 cause?
warts and verrucas
What does HPV type 6 and 11 cause?
genital warts
What does HPV type 16 and 18 cause?
cervical cancer
What is syphilis and how is it treated?
STI of bacterium treponema palladium, presents as a red rash and ulcers on mucus membranes
Treate with penicillin injections
What virus is chickenpox and shingles due to?
Varicella Zoster Virus
Chicken pox - varicella
Shingles - herpes zoster or zoster
What happens to the chicken pox varicella virus?
becomes dormant in the dorsal root ganglia then reactivates if immunocomprimised as shingles
What does herpes simplex virus type 1 cause?
oral cold sores, encephalitis and genital warts
What does herpes simplex virus type 2 cause?
genital warts and encephalitis
What are the test and treatment for herpes simplex virus?
test: swab and PCR the DNA
treatment: Aciclovir
When does Neonatal VZV occur?
if mother contracts chickenpox late in pregnancy
can lead to high mortality
What is Zoster associated pain?
shingles rash has gone, but pain is still present
What is ramsay hunt syndrome?
vesicles and pain in auditory canal and throat, irritation of the 8th cranial nerve causing deafness, veritgo, tinnitus and facial palsy
What is necrosing fascitis?
severe pain, bacteria spreading along the fascial planes below the skin surface which causes tissue destruction
What causes type 1 necrosing fascitis?
mixed anaerobes
What causes type 2 necrosing fascitis
group A strep
What is the treatment for necrosing fascitis?
immediate surgical treatment and antibiotics
What would you treat a fungal infection with?
Small areas - clotrimazole
Scalp - terbinafine or itraconazole
What would you treat scabies with? What is the incubation period?
Malathion lotion or benzyl benzoate
6 weeks
What is toxic shock syndrome?
over stimulation of the immune system that leads to massive cytokine release and an innapropriate immune response
How is toxic shock syndrome diagnosed?
fever of 39
diffuse macular rash
hypotension
presents with: diarrhoea, high fever, sore throat, muscle pain
What causes toxic shock syndrome?
antigen is not processed by PMN and binds directly to MCH-2
can also be produced by staph aureus and strep pyrogens