Osteroarthritis Flashcards Preview

Equine medicine and surgery 2 > Osteroarthritis > Flashcards

Flashcards in Osteroarthritis Deck (18)
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1
Q

Definition:

A

degenerative, inflammatory process, causing progressive loss of hyaline cartilage.

2
Q

Pathogenesis (what happens)

A
– Cartilage loss (on weight-bearing surfaces)
– Subchondral sclerosis
– Subchondral cysts
– Osteophytes
– Synovitis, capsulitis (fibrosis)
– Decreased range of motion
3
Q

What can cause it?

A

Abnormal weight bearing or direct trauma.

4
Q

Disturbance in cartilage development can be caused by:

A
  • OCD
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Feeding, management
5
Q

Which cells do you find in the cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

6
Q

What do you find in the EC matrix?

A
Water high %
Collagen typ 2 
GAGs 
– Chondroitinsulfphate
– Keratansulphate
Hyaluronic acid chains
7
Q

Normal ECM=

A

Balance between Production, Reparation and Degradation!

8
Q

Who is responsible for the matric degradation?

A
Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMPS) 
-These enzymes are capable of degrading all kinds of extracellular matrix proteins
9
Q

What is PSGAG?

A

Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG) is an injectable drug for dogs and horses that is used to alleviate the lameness, pain, and lowered range of motion caused by arthritis.

It inhibits the enzymes that degrade cartilage and bone, as well as suppress inflammation and stimulate the synthesis of replacement cartilage.

10
Q

Clinical signs:

A
  • Joint effusion increase
  • Lameness
  • Joint range of motion decrease
  • Changes in the synovia
  • Cartilage damage (OA)
  • New bone formation (osteophytes)
11
Q

Diagnosis - lameness examination:

A
  • Visualisation, palpation
  • Examination during motion
  • Provocating tests (flextion is painful)
  • PerineuralAnd instrasynovial anesthesia
  • Arthocentesis, Analysis of the synovia
12
Q

Diagnostic imaging:

A
  • X-rays
  • Ultrasound
  • Scientigraphy
  • MRI
13
Q

What is Bone spavin ?

A

Bone spavin is a bony growth within the lower hock joint of horse or cattle. It is caused by osteoarthritis, and the degree of lameness that results can be serious enough to end a horse’s competitive career.

14
Q

Occurrence of bone spavin:

A

more often in adults

  • Recurrence of compression and rotation
  • Conformational abnormalities
    • cow hocks
    • too straight behind
  • Metabolic causes
    • Protein and mineral imbalance
    • Endocrine disorders
15
Q

Where is bone spavin located?

A
  • Dist. Intertarsal joint (DITJ)
  • Tarsometatarsal joint (TMTJ)
  • (prox intertarsal joint)
16
Q

Clinical signs of bone spavin:

A
  • Acute onset of lameness
  • Shortened cranial phase of the strait
  • Low arch of foot flight
  • In chronic cases: palpable bony swelling
17
Q

Does bone spavin increase or decrease after exercise?

A

Mild case: improves in training
Severe case: worsening during work
-Outside of the hood (shoe) is wearing off.

18
Q

Treatment

A
I.A. injection into the tarsometatarsal joint:
-Na-hyaluronat
-Glycorticoids
Surgical treatment 
Orthepedic shoeing