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year 3: endocrinology > osteoporosis > Flashcards

Flashcards in osteoporosis Deck (12)
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1
Q

define osteoporosis?

A

reduced bone density defined as > 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass achieved by healthy adults

2
Q

what are the major risk factors for osteoporosis?

A
o	Age  
o	Females 
o	Corticosteroid use 
o	Rheumatoid arthritis 
o	Alcohol excess 
o	History of hip fracture 
o	Low body mass index 
o	Smoking
3
Q

what are other causes of osteoporosis?

A
o	Premature menopause 
o	Sedentary lifestyle 
o	Malignancy 
•	Myeloma
•	metastatic carcinoma  
o	Endocrine: 
•	Cushing's disease  
•	Thyrotoxicosis 
•	Primary hyperparathyroidism 
•	Hypogonadism 
o	Gastrointestinal: 
•	Malabsorption (e.g. coeliac disease, partial gastrectomy) 
•	Liver disease (e.g. primary biliary cirrhosis)  
•	Anorexia 
o	Chronic kidney disease
o	Osteogenesis imperfecta
4
Q

what is the epidemiology of osteoporosis?

A
  • COMMON in females

* More common in CAUCASIANS and ASIANS than Afro-Caribbean’s

5
Q

which fractures are common in osteoporosis?

A

o Neck of femur
o Vertebral fractures
o Colles’ fracture

6
Q

what position suggests a NOF fracture?

A

o Severe pain when hip flexed and externally rotated

7
Q

what tool can be used to risk assess a osteoporosis patient?

when should one act upon the FRAX score?

A

FRAX score

if it is greater than 10%

8
Q

which bloods should be done for osteoporosis?

A

o Calcium
o Phosphate
o ALP
o PTH

9
Q

what are the bloods in primary osteoporosis?

A

normal

10
Q

what is the T score?

A

the number of standards deviations the bone mineral density measurement is above or below the young normal mean bone mineral density

11
Q

what is a normal and abnormal T score?

A
  • > -1 is normal
  • -1 to - 2.5 = osteopenia
  • <2.5 = osteoporosis
12
Q

what does a z score factor in?

A

age, gender and ethnic factors.