Osteoarthritis Flashcards Preview

Systems: MSK AB > Osteoarthritis > Flashcards

Flashcards in Osteoarthritis Deck (14)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is the commonest form of joint problem?

A

Osteoarthritis

2
Q

How is osteoarthritis defined?

A

-Tear, flare and repair

3
Q

What are the key processes of osteoarthritis?

A
  • Trauma and mechanical imbalance
  • Inflammation and pain
  • Repair processes around the joint
4
Q

What biochemical factors are there?

A
  • Abnormal anatomy (DDH)
  • Intra-articular fracture
  • Ligament rupture
  • Meniscal injury
  • Occupation – farmers, football players
  • Persistent heavy physical activity
  • Elite running
  • Obesity
5
Q

What contributes to inflammation?

A
  • Synovial hypertrophy
  • Subchondral changes
  • Joint effusion
6
Q

What biochemical mediators are elevated in OA?

A
  • IL-1B
  • TNFa
  • MMPs
7
Q

What is the pathogenesis of OA?

A
  • Muscle weakness, ligament injury or abnormal anatomy on lead to instability and ,misalignment
  • Instability and obesity increase the load and lead to joint microtrauma
  • Formation of OA joint and synovitis
8
Q

What is the criteria for an OA diagnosis?

A
  • 45 years +
  • Activity-related joint pain plus
  • Has either no morning joint-related stiffness or morning stiffness that lasts no longer than 30 minutes
9
Q

What symptoms suggest it isn’t OA and another cause should be looked for?

A
  • Trauma
  • Prolonged morning stiffness
  • Rapid deterioration of symptoms
  • Hot, swollen joint
10
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for OA?

A
  • Gout
  • Other inflammatory arthritides
  • Septic arthritis
  • Malignancy
11
Q

What non-pharmacological treatments are there for OA?

A
  • Thermotherapy
  • Electrotherapy
  • Aids and devices
  • Manual therapy
  • NICE do not recommend: acupuncture, nutraceuticals (glucosamine, chondroitin)
12
Q

What pharmacological treatments are there for OA?

A
  • Oral analgesia: paracetamol, NSAIDs

- Topical treatments: NSAIDs, capsaicin (knee, hand)

13
Q

When should OA be referred to surgery?

A
  • Substantial impact on quality of life
  • Refractory to non-surgical treatment
  • Referral letter
14
Q

What radiological findings are there in OA?

A
  • Joint space narrowing
  • Subchrondral sclerosis
  • Cysts
  • Osteophyte formation