Osmoregulation Test Question Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Osmoregulation Test Question Deck (28)
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1
Q

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

A

Interstitial fluid, plasma, other body fluids

2
Q

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

A

cytoplasm

3
Q

Fluid Balance

A

an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in ICF and ECF solute concentration effects the movement of ions and water

4
Q

Electrolyte Balance

A

ions from dissociation of inorganic compounds; affected by: kidney disease, Hormonal or endocrine disorders, loss of body fluids, lack of vitamins (reason too much sodium or calcium are very important-Aldosterone is a major hormone of ion balance)

5
Q

pH balance

A

the amount of hydrogen ions input or output; respiratory can control by decreasing carbon dioxide and kidney get rid of hydrogen ions via collecting duct)

6
Q

obligatory water gain and loss

A

gradients, surface to volume (smaller things lose heat), Permeability (aquaporin, protein water channels); feeding, metabolism, and excretion; respiration

7
Q

regulation

A

homeostatic mechanisms respond to ECF (changes effect of entire body), ICF is localized and contained within cell membranes

8
Q

Receptors

A

do NOT detect fluid amounts or ion concentrations,;can detect plasma volume and osmotic concentration; active solute per liter)

9
Q

Cells

A

can NOT move water; water movement occurs passively, cells can move salts and water will “follow” salt

10
Q

grams of metabolic water per gram of food

A

Fats> carbs> proteins

11
Q

kilojoules expended per gram of food

A

fats> carbs> proteins

12
Q

grams of metabolic water per kilojoule expended

A

Carbs> fats> proteins

13
Q

secreted by magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus

A

ADH

14
Q

ADH

A

respond to osmotic concentration, stretch receptors, higher osmotic concentration, reduce water loss, stimulate thirst

15
Q

From the suprarenal cortex

A

Aldosterone

16
Q

Aldosterone

A

DCT and collecting duct, conserve sodium and potassium leaves tubule at higher rate, water retention or loss, increase sensitivity of salt, respond to rising potassium or falling salt

17
Q

How is renin related to aldosterone?*

A

Renin increases production of aldosterone

18
Q

secreted by cardiac muscle when stretched

A

natriuretic peptides

19
Q

natriuretic peptides

A

opposes angiotensin II, promote loss of sodium and water at the kidney, inhibit renin release, secretion of Ash and aldosterone, suppress thirst, stimulate peripheral vasodilation

20
Q

Atrial and Brain Natriuretic Peptides

A

right atrium and ventricles respectively

21
Q

what prevents angiotensin and norepinephrine from elevating blood pressure?

A

Natriuretic Peptides

22
Q

What is the net result of Natriuretic Peptides

A

reduction of blood volume and pressure, and hence the stretching of cardiac muscle

23
Q

When afferent arterioles dilate and efferent arterioles contract what happens to GP and GFR

A

increased glomerular pressure and increased glomerular filtration rate

24
Q

*Short, wide afferent arteriole=

A

low resistance input pathway

25
Q

*Efferent arteriole plus vasa recta=

A

high resistance outflow pathway

26
Q

Decreased ADH…

A

loss of thirst, increased water loss in urine

27
Q

After drinking water (no electrolytes)…

A

ECF becomes larger and more dilute which shifts to ICF compartment, distributing effect

28
Q

What can impact pH balance and kidney

A

increased/decreased Na+ concentration in ECF, ECF volume increased/decreased by fluid or fluid salt gain