Organic 21: Amines Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Organic 21: Amines Deck (14)
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1
Q

Amines

A

organic derivatives of ammonia

2
Q

Alkylamines

A

have nitrogen attached to sp^3 hybridized carbon

3
Q

Arylamines

A

have nitrogen attached to an sp^2 hybridized carbon of a benzene or benzene-like ring

4
Q

Primary amine

A

an amine with 1 carbon attached to nitrogen

5
Q

Secondary amine

A

an amine with 2 carbons attached to nitrogen

6
Q

Tertiary amine

A

an amine with 3 carbons attached to nitrogen

7
Q

Quaternary ammonium salts

A

ammonium salts that have 4 alkyl groups bonded to nitrogen

8
Q

Alkaloids

A

amines obtained from plants

9
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

several naturally occurring amines that mediate the transmission of nerve impulses; examples epinephrine and serotonin

10
Q

Polyamines

A

contain 2-4 nitrogen atoms separated by several methylene units; among the most important amine derivatives found in the body - believed to be involved in cell differentiation and proliferation

11
Q

Phase-transfer catalysis

A

method for increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by transporting an ionic reactant from an aqueous phase where it is solvated and less reactive to an organic phase where it is not solvated and is more reactive; typically, the reactant is an anion that is carried to the organic phase as its quaternary ammonium salt

12
Q

Reductive amination

A

method for the preparation of amines in which an aldehyde or a ketone is treated with ammonia or an amine under conditions of catalytic hydrogenation

13
Q

Schiemann Reaction

A

preparation of an aryl fluoride by heating the diazonium fluoroborate formed by addition of tetrafluoroboric acid (HBF4) to a diazonium ion

14
Q

Sandmeyer Reactions

A

reactions that use copper (I) salts to replace nitrogen in diazonium salts

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