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Oral Histology > Oral Mucosa > Flashcards

Oral Mucosa Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mouth, nasal passages, and GI tract lined by?

A

Mucous membrane

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2
Q

What 2 tissues make up a mucous membrane?

A

Epithelium

Underlying Connective tissue

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3
Q

What makes up the underlying connective tissue?

A

Lamina propria

Sometimes the submucosa

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4
Q

What layer are blood vessels located in the mouth?

A

Lamina propria or Submucosa

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5
Q

What layer are minor salivary glands located?

A

Submucosa

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6
Q

Where are ducts from minor and major salivary glands located?

A

Travel through the connective tissue to communicate with the mucosal surface

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7
Q

What are the functions of oral mucosa?

A

Protection
Aid in digestion
Sensory innervation

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8
Q

What are the types of protection the Oral mucosa provieds?

A

Barrier

Anti-microbial

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9
Q

Barrier defense of oral mucosa

A

Epithelium provides a physical barrier for things to not come into contact with deeper underlying tissues

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10
Q

Anti-microbial defense of the oral mucosa

A

Immune cells are found mostly in the lamina propria, but also found in the epithelium

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11
Q

B-defensins

A

Anti-microb secreted by teh superficial epithelium of the oral cavity
Large amount is secreted when there is an infection
Cysteine-rich, cationic molecule that binds to negative charges on bacterial membranes

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12
Q

How does the oral mucosa aid in ingestion?

A

Provides flexibility and a moist surface, making chewing and swallowing easier

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13
Q

Which is capable of more type sensation, oral mucosa, PDL, or pulp?

A

Oral mucosa

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14
Q

What types of fibers innervate pulp/dentin and what type of sensation do they provide?

A

C, A-delta, A-beta = mostly pain

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15
Q

What types of fibers innervate the PDL, and what type of sensation do they provide?

A

C and A-delta = pain

A-beta = proprioceptive

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16
Q

What types of fibers innervate the oral mucosa and what type of sensation do they provide?

A

A-beta = touch
A-delta and C = pain
A-delta and C = thermal
A-delta = taste

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17
Q

What type of cells are found in oral mucosa epithelium

A

Stratified Squamous epithelium

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18
Q

What occurs in the deep layers of the oral mucosa epithelium?

A

Location of cell division

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19
Q

What occurs at the superficial layers of oral epithelium?

A

This is where cells migrate, mature, become part of the surface, and then slough off

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20
Q

What is the turnover time for gingiva epithelium?

A

41-57 days

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21
Q

What is the turnover time for cheek epithelium?

A

25 days

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22
Q

What is the turnover time for taste buds?

A

10 days

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23
Q

What is the turnover time for junctional epithelium?

A

5-10 days

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24
Q

What is the cost/benefit of having fast turnover in epithelium

A

They can heal faster, but it also makes the tissues more vulnerable to conditions that affect cell division (chemotherapy, radiation, ulceration)

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25
Q

What are the most numerous cells of the oral mucosa?

A

Keratinocytes (aka epithelial cells)

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26
Q

What are the non-keratinocytes found in the oral mucosa?

A

Merkel cells
Melanocytes
Langerhans (dendritic cells)

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27
Q

Merkel cells

A

Sensory cells in the basal layer of the epithelium

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28
Q

Melanocytes

A

Pigment cells in the basal layer of the epithelium

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29
Q

Langerhans (dendritic) cells

A

Immune cells in the supra-basal layers

30
Q

T/F - Different oral regions are lined by keratinized v non-keratinized epithelium

A

True

31
Q

Describe keratinized epithelium

A

No organelles
Dehydrated
Tougher

32
Q

Describe non-keratinized epithelium

A

Has organelles

Felixble

33
Q

What do all epithelial cells/keratinocytes contain?

A

Cytokeratin

34
Q

Cytokeratins

A

Large multigene family of proteins

Assemble into intermediate filaments to provide cytoskeletal support - mechanically tough

35
Q

What are the two major groups of cytokeratines?

A 
Type I (acidic)
Type II (basic)
36
Q

Cytokeratin structure

A

Central helical core surrounded by non-helical ends
Each cell expresses at least 2 cytokeratins (one of each type)
They assemble into coiled heterodimers

37
Q

What are the strongest cytokeratin structures?

A

Intermediate filaments

38
Q

What are the intracellular components cytokeratins?

A

Desmosomes and Hemidesmosomes

39
Q

What do keratin mutations create

A

Mutations to cytokeratins, which can lead to blistering in response to minor trauma

40
Q

T/F - Different epithelial layers and tissues contain the same cytokeratins

A

False - Cytokeratins are characterisitic of the different layers and tissues

41
Q

What can changes cytokeratin expression?

A

Cytokeratin expression can change with disease state

Mutations in cytokeratin genes can produce regionally specific diseases

42
Q

Which is more permiable, keratinized or non-keratinized epithelium?

A

Non-keratinized

43
Q

T/F - The amount of cytokeratin only increases in the supericial layers keratinized epithelium

A

False - The amount of cytokeratin increases towards the superficial layers of both types of epithelium

44
Q

What are the biochemical properties of Keratinized cytokeratins

A

They promote aggregations

They promote binding to another molecule (fillagrin)

45
Q

Describe the superficial layers of Keratinized epithelium

A

Very flat cells
Dehydrated
No organelles
Packed with cytokeratin and fillagrin complexes

46
Q

What are the biochemical properties of non-keratinized cytokeratins?

A

Do not promote aggregation

Can’t complex with fillagrin

47
Q

Describe the superficial layers of non-keratinized epithelium

A

Cells are not flat or dehydrated
Retain nuclei
Cytokeratin tonofilaments

48
Q

T/F - The permiability differences between keratinized and non-keratinized are due to cytokeratins

A

False - desmosomes contribute and are somewhat more numerous in keratinized epithelium

49
Q

Membrane coating granules

A

Membrane bound organelles in the cell, filled with glycoproteins
1st appear in upper prickle layer
Released in more superficial layers to coat the cell
Found in both keratinized and non-keratinized cells to serve as an intercellular barrier to aqueous substances (more effective in keratinized)

50
Q

Describe Membrane thickening

A

Envelope of 15nm cross-linked protein sheath comprised of loricrin and other proteins
Impermiable
On the inner face of keratinocytes in the upper layers of both types of epithelium

51
Q

What takes up the most volume of the lamina propria?

A

ECM

52
Q

What cells are present in the lamina propria

A

Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Mast cells
Other inflammatory cells

53
Q

What makes up the ECM of the lamina propria

A

PGs, and PAGs
Glycoproteins (fibronectin)
Collagen (types I and III)
Elastin

54
Q

Describe the epithelial/connective tissue interface

A

Scalloped

-has epithelial rete pegs, connective tissue papillae, and paipillary and reticular layers

55
Q

Lining mucosa epithelium type

A

Non-keratinized

56
Q

Describe the thickness of the epithelium in the buccal mucosa v the floor of the mouth

A

Buccal = thick (.5mm)

Floor of mouth = thin (.1mm)

57
Q

Clinical implications of lining mucosa

A

Incisions more likely to gape and need to be sutured

Injections are less painful

58
Q

Masticatory mucosa epithelium type

A

Keratinized

59
Q

T/F - Lining epithelium has submucosa

A

True - it usually does

60
Q

T/F - Masticatory mucosa has submucosa

A

False - it varies, but usually only in the hard palate

61
Q

Clinical implications of the masticatory mucosa

A

Incisions don’t gape and may not require suturing

Injections are more painful

62
Q

What are the three areas of the lip region?

A

Exterior skin
Vermillion zone
Labial mucosa

63
Q

Exterior skin of lip

A

Keratinized
Thinnest
Sweat glands
Hair follicles

64
Q

Vermillion zone

A

Keratinized
Thin
Blood vessels close to surface
No sweat or mucous glands

65
Q

Labial mucosa

A

Non-keratinized
Thicker
Mucous glands

66
Q

Sulcular epithelium

A

Part of free gingiva, which faces the tooth

Gernerally not keratinized

67
Q

Junctional epithelium

A

Forms a ceal around the tooth
Oriented along the long axis of the tooth
Highly permiable

68
Q

What are the 2 basal lamina of the junctional epithelium

A

External (JE/lamina propria)

Internal (JE/tooth)

69
Q

What supplies vasculature for the maxilla?

A

Superior alveolar and palatine arteries

70
Q

What supplies vasculature for the mandible?

A

Inferior alveolar a
Buccal a
Mental a
Sublingual aa

71
Q

What are the 3 routes blood can reach its destination in a tooth?

A

PDL
Interdentinal septa
Oral mucosa

Oral Histology (12 decks)

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