Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Exam 1 > Oral and Nasal Cavities and Pterygopalatine Fossa > Flashcards

Oral and Nasal Cavities and Pterygopalatine Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Differentiate locations of hard vs. soft palate

A

Hard palate: anterior 2/3 of palate; hard and bony

Soft palate: posterior 1/3 of palate; soft and muscular (primarily skeletal m.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Extending inferiorly from the posterior part of the soft palate is the _______

A

Uvula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When swallowing, the ____ and _____ elevate to close off the opening of the nasopharynx

A

Soft palate; uvula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_______ represent the opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx

A

Fauces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The fauces are bounded by what 2 paired muscular folds?

A

Glossopalatine arch (anterior fold)

Pharyngopalatine arch (posterior fold)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What structures are located between the glossopalatine arch and the pharyngopalatine arch?

A

Palatine tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 tonsils from superior to inferior

A

Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)

Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What complication may be caused by inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil?

A

Eustachian tube drainage issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The tongue is made up of _____ muscle and is covered with ______ epithelium

A

Skeletal; lightly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The inferior surface of the tongue attaches to the floor of the oral cavity by a thin vertical mucous membrane called the ____ ___

A

Lingual frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Numerous small projections called ____ cover the superior surface of the tongue. The posterior surface contains the ______ tonsils.

A

Papillae; lingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands

A

Parotid glands
Submandibular glands
Sublingual glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neural control of saliva secretion from parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands

A

Parasympathetic axons in CN IX stimulate parotid salivary gland secretions

Parasympathetic axons in CN VII stimulate submandibular and sublingual salivary gland secretions

Sympathetic stimulation from cervical ganglia stimulates mucus secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which salivary gland is the largest? Which makes the most saliva?

A

Largest = parotid

Makes the most = submandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Each parotid gland is located anterior and inferior to the ear, partially overlying the _____ m.

It produces about 25-30% of saliva, which is conducted through the ______ to the oral cavity. This structure opens into the oral vestibule next to the ______ (tooth)

A

Masseter m.

Parotid duct

Second upper molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The submandibular glands are inferior to the body of the ______. They produce 60-70% of saliva. A duct opens from each gland through a papilla in the floor of the mouth on the lateral sides of the _______

A

Mandible; lingual frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The ____ glands extend multiple tiny ducts that open onto inferior surface of oral cavity, posterior to submandibular duct papilla; they contribute 3-5% of total saliva (least amount)

A

Sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Compare types of secretions from parotid vs. submandibular vs. sublingual gland

A

Parotid = serous secretions only

Submandibular and sublingual = both mucous and serous secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Antibacterial element in saliva

A

Lysozyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 parts of a tooth

A

Tooth has an exposed crown, constricted neck, and one or more roots that anchor it to the jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Roots of the teeth fit tightly into _____ ______, which are sockets within the alveolar processes of both the maxillae and the mandible

A

Dental alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Collectively, the roots, the dental avleoli, and the periodontal ligament that binds roots to alveolar processes form a _____ joint

A

Gomphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens when there is not intermittent occlusion of the dentition?

A

Alveolar bone is lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many deciduous teeth are there vs. how many permanent teeth?

A

20 deciduous teeth

32 permanent teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Last teeth to erupt

A

Third molars (wisdom teeth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Human dental formula

A

2123 (on each side)

2 incisors
1 canine
2 premolars
3 molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

3 phases of swallowing

A 
Voluntary phase
Pharyngeal phase (involuntary)
Esophageal phase (involuntary)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bones of external nose

A

Nasal bones
Frontal process of maxilla
Nasal part of frontal bone and nasal spine
Bony part of nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Important cartilages of the nose

A

2 lateral cartilages
2 alar cartilages
Septal cartilage (nasal septum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Single, unpaired bone down center of nasal septum

A

Vomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Septal deviation causes problems with drainage of _____

A

Sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Except for the vestibule of the nose (considered external portion), all of the nasal structures are lined with ____ _____, which is firmly connected to the periosteum of the bony parts of the nasal cavity and the perichondrium of the cartilaginous nasal components

A

Nasal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The areas of the nose lined with nasal mucosa constitute the _____ ____ (inferior 2/3) and the _____ _____ (superior 1/3)

A

Respiratory area; olfactory area

34
Q

Boundaries of nasal cavity including roof, floor, medial and lateral walls

A

Roof = frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone

Floor = palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bone

Medial wall = nasal septum (perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer, septal cartilage, nasal crests of maxillary and palatine bones)

Lateral wall = superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae

35
Q

What is the difference in the bones in which the superior, middle, and inferior nasal chonchae are derived from?

A

Superior and middle conchae are part of ethmoid bone

Inferior nasal conchae is an independent bone

36
Q

The nasal chonchae divide the nasal cavity into what 4 passages?

A

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

Superior nasal meatus

Middle nasal meatus

Inferior nasal meatus

37
Q

The spheno-ethmoidal recess is the location for the opening of what structure?

A

Sphenoid sinus

38
Q

The superior nasal meatus is the location for the openings to what structure?

A

Posterior ethmoid sinus

39
Q

The middle nasal meatus is the location for the opening into what structures?

A

Anterior and middle ethmoid sinus

Frontal sinus

Maxillary sinus (opens into middle nasal meatus in posterior part of semilunar hiatus at the maxillary ostium — below the ethmoid bulla)

40
Q

The inferior nasal meatus is the location for the opening of what structure?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

41
Q

6 arteries that supply the nasal cavity

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal aa. (Branches of ophthalmic a.)

Sphenopalatine and greater palatine aa. (Branches of maxillary a.)

Superior labial a. and lateral nasal branches (branches of facial a.)

42
Q

Venous drainage of nasal cavity (3 vv)

A

Sphenopalatine v.

Facial v.

Ophthalmic v.

43
Q

Clinically important area where all 5-6 aa supplying nasal cavity come together in a capillary bed that can bleed profusely, becomes an issue with chronic epistaxis

A

Kiesselbach area

44
Q

4 paired paranasal sinuses

A

Maxillary
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Frontal

45
Q

Which paranasal sinus is the largest?

A

Maxillary

46
Q

The maxillary sinus drains via the maxillary ostium into the _______ meatus. Its arterial supply is from the alveolar branches of ________ a. and _________ a. Its sensory innervation comes from the branches of the _________ n.

A

Middle; maxillary; greater palatine; superior alveolar

47
Q

The ____ sinus consists of air cells located between orbits

A

Ethmoid

48
Q

The anterior and middle ethmoid cells drain into the _______ meatus; the posterior ethmoidal cells drain into the _____ meatus

A

Middle; superior

49
Q

Arterial supply and innervation of ethmoid sinus

A

Ethomoidal aa. (From ophthalmic a)

Nasociliary n. (CN V1 branch)

50
Q

The _____ sinus is unevenly divided by bony part of nasal septum

A

Sphenoid sinus

51
Q

The sphenoid sinus drains via ________

A

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

52
Q

Arterial supply to sphenoid sinus

A

Posterior ethmoidal a.

53
Q

Innervation to sphenoid sinus

A

Posterior ethmoidal n.

54
Q

The frontal sinus is located between outer and inner tables of frontal bone, posterior to the ______ arches. It drains via _______ duct into _________ of middle meatus

A

Superciliary; frontonasal; semilunar hiatus

55
Q

Arterial supply and innervation to frontal sinus

A

Supraorbital a. and anterior ethmoidal aa.

Supraorbital nn (CN V1 branches)

56
Q

The salpingopharyngeal fold arises from the cartilage of what structure?

A

Eustachian tube

57
Q

What artery and nerve are found in the cervical viscera, deep to the palatine tonsil?

A

Tonsillary branch of facial a.

Glossopharyngeal n.

58
Q

What 2 arteries supply the palatine tonsil?

A

Tonsillar branch of ascending palatine a.

Tonsillar branch of facial a.

59
Q

What small muscles are associated with cartilage of the eustachian tube and inserting on the soft palate?

A

Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Salpingopharyngeus

60
Q

Innervation to tensor veli palatini

A

Trigeminal n., mandibular branch

61
Q

Innervation to levator veli palatini m.

A

CN X (pharyngeal plexus)

62
Q

Action of tensor veli palatini

A

Tenses soft palate and acts on pharyngotympanic tube for depressurizing middle ear

63
Q

Action of levator veli palatini m.

A

Elevates the tensed palate, and acts on pharyngotympanic tube

64
Q

Paralysis of tensor veli palatini and/or levator veli palatini leads to what complications?

A

Reflux of oral contents into nasal cavity, and pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction

65
Q

Small pyramid-shaped space found inferior to apex of orbit

A

Pterygopalatine fossa

66
Q

Borders of pterygopalatine fossa including anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, roof, and floor

A

Anterior = maxillary tuberosity

Posterior = pterygoid process of sphenoid (lateral plate)

Medial = perpendicular plate of palatine bone

Lateral = opens into infratemporal fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure

Roof = (incomplete) greater wing of sphenoid

Floor = pyramidal process of palatine bone

67
Q

The superior part of pterygopalatine fossa opens into the _______

The inferior part of pterygopalatine fossa is closed except for the __________

A

Inferior orbital fissure

Palatine foramen

68
Q

The pterygomaxillary fissure in the pterygopalatine fossa leads to the _____ fossa

A

Infratemporal

69
Q

Where does the spheno-palatine foramen in the pterygopalatine fossa lead?

A

To the nasal cavity

70
Q

What are the 7 openings in the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Inferior orbital fissure
Pterygomaxillary fissure

Spheno-palatine foramen
Foramen rotundum

Pharyngeal canal
Vidian canal (pterygoid canal)
Pterygopalatine canal

71
Q

3 major contents of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Maxillary n. (CN V2)

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Third part of maxillary a.

72
Q

What 3 nerves pass from the orbit into the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Infraorbital n.
Zygomatic n.
Orbital branches (from CN V2)

73
Q

What 2 vessels pass from the orbit into the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Infraorbital a.

Inferior ophthalmic v.

74
Q

What nerve passes from the middle cranial fossa into the pterygopalatine fossa via foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary n. (CN V2)

75
Q

Neurovascular structures from what region pass into the pterygopalatine fossa via the pterygopalatine canal (vidian)?

A

Base of skull

76
Q

What nerve and 2 vessels from the palate pass through the greater palatine canal to get to the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Greater palatine n.

Descending palatine a.
Greater palatine a.

77
Q

Within the pterygopalatine fossa, the maxillary n. branches into the _____ and ______ nn

A

Zygomatic; pterygopalatine

78
Q

Within the pterygopalatine fossa, the zygomatic n. (branch of CN V2) branches into sensory branches _____ and ________, the latter has a communicating branch which conveys parasympathetic fibers to the ______ n.

A

Zygomaticofacial n.; zygomaticotemporal n.; lacrimal n. (CN V1)

79
Q

Parasympathetic fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion are from the facial n. via the ________ n., which joins the ________ n. to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal.

A

Greater petrosal; deep petrosal

80
Q

The parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal n. supply the _____ ganglion

A

Pterygopalatine

81
Q

The ______ n. arises from the internal carotid plexus and conveys postsynaptic fibers which join branches of the _______ n. via the pterygopalatine ganglion (but do not synapse there)

Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers are from the ______ ganglion

A

Deep petrosal; maxillary

Superior cervical

82
Q

5 primary branches of pterygopalatine part of maxillary a.

A

Descending palatine a. (supplies palate)

Posterosuperior alveolar a. (supplies maxillary molars, maxillary sinus, gingiva)

Infraorbital a. (supplies maxillary alveoli)

artery of pterygoid canal

Sphenopalatine a. (supplies nasal cavity, choanae, and septum)

Neuro Exam 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions