Ophthalmology - Uvea Flashcards Preview

Small Animal Medicine II > Ophthalmology - Uvea > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ophthalmology - Uvea Deck (26)
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1
Q

What is persistent pupillary membrane?

A
  • incomplete absorption of embryonic vascular tissue and mesenchymal strands
  • originate in iris collarette
2
Q

What is uveitis?

A

inflammation of the uvea and breakdown of the blood ocular barrier

3
Q

What is included in anterior uveitis?

A

iris and ciliary body

4
Q

What is included in posterior uveitis?

A

choroid

5
Q

What is included in endophthalmitis?

A

entire uvea and intraocular contents

6
Q

What is included in panophthalmitis?

A

all ocular and intraocular structures

7
Q

What are the non-specific clinical signs associated with uveitis?

A
epiphora
blepharospasm
photophobia
red eye (ciliary flush or episcleral injection)
corneal edema
8
Q

What are the specific signs associated with uveitis?

A
  • miosis
  • aqueous flare
  • hyphema, hypopyon
  • keratic precipitates
  • swollen/thickened iris
  • hyperemic iris
  • decreased IOP
9
Q

Describe miosis as a sign of uveitis

A
  • due to inflammation driven by prostaglandins
  • causes pain from ciliary body spasm
  • causes iris sphincter muscle contraction
10
Q

Describe aqueous flare

A
  • increased turbidity of aqueous humor due to breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier with inflammation
  • protein and cells in anterior chamber causing light scatter
11
Q

What are keratic precipitates?

A

inflammatory cells +/- fibrin adhered to the corneal endothelium

12
Q

What causes decreased IOP in uveitis?

A

inflammation driven by prostaglandins

  • decreased aqueous humor production
  • increased uveoscleral outflow
13
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with chronic uveitis?

A

dyscoria
posterior synechia
peripheral anterior synechia
iris hyperpigmentation

14
Q

What are the long term sequels of chronic uveitis?

A
  • cataract
  • secondary lens luxation
  • secondary glaucoma
  • retinal detachment
  • phthisis bulbi
15
Q

How is uveitis generally treated?

A
  • topical corticosteroids +/- topical NSAIDs
  • systemic corticosteroids or systemic NSAIDs
  • topical atropine
  • +/- systemic antimicrobials
16
Q

Which topical corticosteroids are used to treat uveitis?

A

Prednisone Acetate

Dexamethasone

17
Q

Which topical NSAIDs are used to treat uveitis?

A

Flurbiprofen

Diclofenac

18
Q

Which systemic corticosteroids are used to treat uveitis?

A

Prednisone

Prednisolone in cats

19
Q

When should systemic corticosteroids be used?

A

if vision loss is imminent due to inflammation or secondary glaucoma

20
Q

Which systemic NSAIDs are used to treat uveitis?

A

Carprofen or Meloxicam in dogs

Meloxicam or Robenacoxib in cats

21
Q

What are the benefits of using atropine to treat uveitis?

A
  • reduces pain of ciliary body spasm
  • reduces risk of posterior synechia
  • stabilizes blood ocular barrier
22
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with uveal tumors?

A
  • uveitis +/- hyphema
  • iris or ciliary body mass
  • iris displacement
  • secondary glaucoma
23
Q

What are the most common primary uveal tumor in the dog?

Describe the features

A

melanoma/melanocytoma

- very low metastatic rate

24
Q

What are the most common primary uveal tumor in the cat?

Describe the features

A

Feline diffuse iris melanoma

- metastasis common

25
Q

What is the most common secondary uveal tumor?

A

lymphosarcoma

26
Q

What is cycloplegia?

A

paralysis of the ciliary body