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Flashcards in OCD in horses Deck (19)
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1
Q

OCD/OC =

A

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

2
Q

what is the pathophysiology behind OCd?

A

There is a disturbance of cellular differentiantion in the growing cartilage.

  • Persistent hypertrophic stage
  • Improper vascular supply of the young cartilage.
3
Q

What are the different types of weaknesses in the cartilages?

A
  • Flattening of the joint surface
  • Cartilage flap without rad. changes
  • Cartilage flaps free in joint
  • Cartilage with subchondral bone changes
  • OCD fragments free in joint
4
Q

What can be a result of OCD?

A
  • Resorption
  • Incorporation in joint capsule,
  • Stays in joint -> Ossification, OCD fragments
  • Riss in joint cartilage –> resorption -> SBC
5
Q

What are the causes of OCD?

A
  1. Genetic predisposition (large breeds?) not in pony
  2. Environmental influences
  3. Nutrition - Imbalance in feeding / tak. imbalance
  4. Endocrine factors
  5. Biomechanic forces, Trauma
6
Q

What are the predilection sites of OCD? (in general)

A

Neck facet joints, shoulder, fetlock, femoropatellar joint, hock .

7
Q

What are the clinical forms?

A
  • Osteochondrosis (OC)
  • Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
  • Subchondral Bone Cysts
8
Q

typical predielction sites of the hock joint:

A

DIRT / dist. Tibia cran. Intermed.
Lateral Talus Trochlea distal aspect
Medial Malleolus

9
Q

typical predielction sites of the stifle:

A

Lateral femoral trochlea

10
Q

typical predielction sites of the

A

Facet joints cervical region

11
Q

typical predielction sites of the fetlock joint:

A

Dorsal MCIII/MTIII Crista sagittalis

12
Q

typical predielction sites of the shoulder:

A

Caudal part of humerus head

Cavitas Glenoidalis, + caudodistal ridge of Scapula

13
Q

typical predielction sites of the shoulder:

A

Caudal part of humerus head

Cavitas Glenoidalis, + caudodistal ridge of Scapula

14
Q

Treatement of OCD?

A
  • Wait if the foal are younger than 1 year.
  • Conservative treatment
  • Surgery
15
Q

Subchondral Bone Cysts , how does the cyst develop?

A

Different ways :

  • Juvenile form similar to OCD.
  • Tear in the weight-bearing cartilage.
  • Pressure, enzymes develop a cyst.
  • Mostly adult horses, but you can see it in fowls because of disturbance in bone formation.
16
Q

What can you find inside the cyst lining?

A

Fibrous tissue
Fibrocartilage
Necrotic bone

Sclerotic border around the cyst will develop which you can see on the Xray, more minerals around it.
Cloaca communication with the joint.

17
Q

What are the predilaction sites of the cysts?

A
  1. Medial Femoral Condyle
  2. Distal MCIII/MTIII (med. or lat. condylus or crista sagittalis)
  3. Medial proximal Radius epiphysis
    - Distal phalanx
    - Scapula cavum glenoidale
    - White color on the X-rays
18
Q

What are the clinical signs of Subchondral Bone Cysts?

A
  • Lame after work, better with rest
  • More frequent: 6 M – 2 Y, But: you will find it also in older horses
  • Lameness intermittent if not acute
  • Receive if starts training again
  • Sometimes acutely lame
  • medial Femur condylus
  • Distal MCIII
  • Joint effusion not always present
19
Q

What are the treatment of Subchondral Bone Cysts?

A

Different surgical treatment regimens:

  1. Steroid inj. Into the cyst – comes from human medicine in children
  2. Extra-articular approach (drilling) and Parathormon Hydrogel (PTH)
  3. Enucleation of the cyst inside lining
  4. Defect filled out with TGF-1+ Ca activated thrombin +fibrinogen
  5. Autologous Osteochondral Transplantation (Mosaicplasty)
  6. Position screw through the cyst