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OBGYN MAKEUP > OBGYN > Flashcards

OBGYN Flashcards

1
Q

why do women get breast cancer aka risk factors

A 
too much estrogen
-early menarche
-late menopause
-nulliparity
-HRT
radiation
BRCA genes
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2
Q

when to start breast cancer screening

A

USPSTF says 50 Q2

ACS says 40 Q1

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3
Q

if a mammogram is irregular for >40, what do you do next?

A

core needle bx

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4
Q

lump and <30, what do you do

A

wait a few cycles then get an US, if US shows a cyst then get a FNA

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5
Q

how to tx HER2 + breast cancer

A

traztuzzumab

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6
Q

how to tx ER/PR + breast cancer

A

SERM if premenopausal

Aromatase Inhibitors is post menopausal

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7
Q

cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers are all this type

A

squamous

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8
Q

endometrial cancer is this type

A

adenocarcinoma

common from too much estrogen

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9
Q

MOA leuprolide

A

GnRH analog, will inhibit LH/FSH

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10
Q

HIV affects

A

T lymphocytes

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11
Q

Genital herpes is HSV #

A

2, stored in S2/3/4

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12
Q

chancroid

A

H. Ducreyi
gram - rod
PAINFUL**

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13
Q

if ASC-US +, what do you do next?

A

reflex HPV, if - repeat PAP in 12 months

if +, colposcopy

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14
Q

how to tx molar pregnancy

A

dilation and curettage

monitor bhcg q1-2 weeks until neg, then monthly hcg titers

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15
Q

primary dysmenorrhea

A

begins after menarche, no clear disease, maybe prostaglandins

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16
Q

secondary dysmenorrhea

A

new onset older women, associated w/a cause (fibroids, endometriosis)

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17
Q

ovarian cancer marker

A

CA-125, 90% are epitheleal tumors

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18
Q

outpt tx of PID

A

ceftriaxone + doxy +-metro

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19
Q

inpt tx of PID

A

cefotetan or cefoxitin + doxy

clinda+ genta (if pregnant)

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20
Q

primary syphilus

A

PAINLESS chancre*

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21
Q

trichomonas

A

malodorous green d/c
strawberry cervix
ph 5-6
tx partner, 2 G metro

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22
Q

BV

A 
gardnerella
clue cells
ph >4.5
topical/oral metro
don't treat partner
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23
Q

candida

A

KOH blanching hyphae and spores

ph <4.5

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24
Q

condyloma acuminatum

A

genital warts
HPV 6/11
tx with podofilox and imiquimod

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25
Q

risks of tamoxifen

A

may lead to endometrial changes

does increase bone density however and prevents breast cancer

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26
Q

gonorrhea

A

gram - diplococci
tx partner
ceftriaxone

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27
Q

how to tx PCOS

A

OCPs or medroxyprogesterone

increased LH:FSH ratio

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28
Q

GDM levels

A

fasting <95
1 hr <180
2 hr <155
3 hr <140

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29
Q

GDM can lead to

A

cardiac problems for baby and macrosomonia

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30
Q

what hormone changes are seen in menopause

A

increased LH/FSH

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31
Q

breast abscess

A

progress from mastitis
stop breastfeeding, pump and dump
tx is I&D and anti staph anbx

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32
Q

mastitis

A

unilateral eythema
continue breastfeeding
anti staph anbx

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33
Q

fibroadenoma

A

young woman, rubbery/firm/painless
no change with menstruation
tx is bx

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34
Q

fibrocystic changes

A

b/l masses that increase in size and pain before menses

dx w/breast cyst aspiration w/US or mammo

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35
Q

latent stage 1 of labor

A

0-6 cm, <20 hr for nulli or 14 for multi

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36
Q

active stage 1 of labor

A

6-10 cm

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37
Q

signs of endometriosis

A

fixed and retroverted uterus

38
Q

abortion

A

preg loss <20 weeks

39
Q

how to tx a breech presentation

A

<37 weeks requires no intervention, repeat US at 37 weeks

external cephalic vision at term followed by trial of vaginal delivery

40
Q

umbilical cord prolapse tx

A

c-section

41
Q

Nrl IUP doubles bhcg every

A

48 houyrs

42
Q

when do you see an IUP w/transvag,transabdominal

A

1500, 3600

43
Q

when to use methotrexate for ectopic

A

bhcg <5000

ectopic <3.5 cm

44
Q

late decelerations

A

uteroplacental insufficiency

45
Q

when to use a cerclage

A

14-16 weeks, remove at 36 weeks

46
Q

how to confirm ROM

A

nitrazine ph >7.1

47
Q

infertility is

A

can’t conceive within 12 months of unprotected sex

48
Q

preeclampsia

A

140/90 , usually after 20 weeks

severe is 160/110

49
Q

PPH for vaginal or c-section

A

vaginal-500 ml

c-section 1000 ml

50
Q

cystocele vs

rectocele

A

anterior
posterior
tx with colporrhaphy

51
Q

level II US

A

18-22 weeks

52
Q

maternal serum AFP

A

15-22

53
Q

GTT

A

24-28

54
Q

GBS

A

34-36

55
Q

nuchal translucency

A

12 weeks

56
Q

when to give rhogam

A

Rh - mother give rhogam at 28 weeks at 72 H

57
Q

premature ROM is usually from

A

GBS

58
Q

ROM should be <

A

18 H, if longer tx with genta+clinda

59
Q

Quad screen

A

estriol, BHCG, inhibin A, AFP

60
Q

when to get HPV vaccine

A

before age 15, 2nd dose 6-12 months later

61
Q

cervical cancer is caused by

A

HPV 16/18

62
Q

lymphogranuloma venereum

A
  • painless genital ulcers

- +chlamydia test

63
Q

when to give progesterone only OCP

A

> 35, smoke, obese, HTN

64
Q

what to order for pt with amenorrhea

A

bhcg, tsh, prolactin
if nrl then do a progesterone withdrawal test to see if they bleed, fi they bleed they have adequate levels of estrogen
If no withdrawal bleed, give cycle of estrogen and progesterone
Do FSH level
low or nl=hypothalamic
elevated=ovarian failure

65
Q

uterus size after pregnancy

A

18-20 weeks after delivery
non-preg size 4 weeks later
can have sex 6 weeks after delivery

66
Q

BISHOP score (when to induce labor, >6 is safe)

A 
Dilation
Effacement
Station
Position
Consistency
67
Q

Leopold’s maneuver

A

determines fetal position, done near end of preegn

68
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

No menses by age 14 combined with absence of secondary sex characteristics
OR
No menses by age 16 regardless of development of sex characteristics

69
Q

secondary amenorrhea

A

Absence of menses for 6 months or 3 cycle intervals in a woman who has previously menstruated

70
Q

Asherman’s syndrome

A

Most Common Secondary
Endometrial destruction/scarring from infection or D&C
Amenorrhea, infertility,habitual abortions, dysmenorrhea
Dx-Hysterogram or hysteroscopy
Treatments:
D&C hysteroscopy (lysis of adhesions)
IUD (keep uterine walls apart while healing)
Estrogen (promote regeneration of endometrium)

71
Q

sheehans syndrome

A

Postpartum pituitary necrosis
Due to obstetrical hemorrhage and shock
Failure of lactation and loss of body hair

72
Q

nabothian cyst

A

Translucent or grayish-white cyst on cervical surface
caused by squamous epithelium growing over columnar cells and blocking mucus secretions
asymptomatic, no treatment necessary

73
Q

how to tx fibroids

A

give GnRH agonist to try and shrink

74
Q

urge incontinence tx

A

oxybutynyn, tolteridine

75
Q

overflow incontinence aka overactive

A

anticholinergic bethanachol

76
Q

when are you most fertile

A

day 10-17 of cycle

77
Q

how do ocps works

A

progesterone inhibits LH and thickens mucus

estrogen enhances this effect

78
Q

what to give a rape victim

A
  • Hep B
  • ceftriaxone, azithromycin, metronidazole
  • levonorgestel
  • combovir plus tenofovir
79
Q

HCG > what and no IUP indicates an ectopic

A

2000

80
Q

naegales rule

A

adding a year, subtracting three months, and adding seven days to the origin of gestational age.

81
Q

when can you obtain fetal heart rate w/doppler

A

10-12 weeks

82
Q

increased AFP suggests

A

neural tube defect

83
Q

if 1 hr GTT is > ( ), do a 3 hour

A

140

84
Q

normal NST

A

15bpm acceleration in heart rate lasting for 15 sec above baseline heart rate after a significant movement
2 accelerations in a 20 min period = reactive NST

85
Q

whats included in a biophysical profile

A 
Nonstress Test (NST)
Amniotic Fluid Level
Gross Fetal Movements
Fetal Tone
Fetal Breathing
86
Q

prolonged deceleration

A

Dec. in FHR >15bpm from baseline; lasting > 2 min.* but less then 10 min.

87
Q

chadwicks sign

A

cervical and vaginal cyanosis

88
Q

hegar’s sign

A

lengthening and softening of the

cervix.

89
Q

when can fetal heartbeat be seen on transvaginal US

A

6 weeks

90
Q

APGAR

A 
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
91
Q

infected nabothian cyst tx

A

I&D

OBGYN MAKEUP (1 decks)

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