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Flashcards in Obesity Deck (18)
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1
Q

What is the equation for BMI?

What are the units?

A

Weight/Height^2

Kg/M^2

2
Q

What are the BMI ranges for Obesity I, II and III?

A
1 = 30-35
2 = 35-40
3 = 40+
3
Q

List 5 factors that contribute to obesity.

A

1 - Genes

2 - Environment

3 - Appetite Control

4 - Peripheral Metabolism

5 - Endocrinology

4
Q

What is the effect of leptin?

A

Increases energy expended

Decreases appetite

5
Q

Which endocrine organ releases leptin?

A

Adipose tissue.

6
Q

How does ATP III define Metabolic Syndrome?

A

Must show at least 3 of:

Abdominal / Central Obesity

Hypertriglyceridaemia

Low HDL Cholesterol

Hypertension

Fasting Hyperglycaemia

Microalbuminuria

7
Q

Deposition of adipose tissue to which area of the body has the strongest effect on insulin sensitivity?

A

At the abdomen.

8
Q

What role does insulin play in the regulation of adipose tissue mass?

A
  • Insulin stimulates preadipocytes to proliferate

- Insulin stimulates preadipocytes to differentiate into adipocytes.

9
Q

What are the NIC guidelines concerning physical activity to:

Prevent obesity

and

Avoid weight regain?

A

To prevent obvesity:

45 - 60min of moderate-intensity activity per day.

To avoid weight regain:

60 - 90 min of activity per day.

10
Q

What is the main requirement for dietary interventions?

A

That the total energy intake is less than the total energy expenditure.

11
Q

What is a disadvantage of low-calorie diets?

A

Less likely to be nutritionally complete.

12
Q

When are pharmacological interventions considered?

A

Only after:

  • Diet
  • Exercise
  • Behavioural changes
13
Q

What 2 pharmacological options are available for treatment of obesity?

A

Orlistat and liraglutide.

14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of orlistat?

A

Binds to lipase enzyme.

Fatty acids cannot be broken down in the intestine and are excreted.

15
Q

What is the function of dipeptidyl peptidase-4?

A

Degrades incretins such as GLP-1.

16
Q

List 3 effects of GLP-1.

A

Decreases appetite.

Slows gastric emptying.

Increases insulin sensitivity and secretion.

17
Q

Why are GLP-1 analogues useful?

A

Useful for resisting degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4.

18
Q

What are the 3 most common options for bariatric surgery?

A

Adjustable Gastric Band

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy