Nutrition Chapter 4 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Nutrition Chapter 4 Deck (39)
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1
Q

What are carbs?

A

Grains, veggies, fruits, nuts, legumes, etc. Found primarily in plant-based foods!

2
Q

Carbs are NOT the most desirable form of energy for the body. T/F?

A

FALSE. They are!

3
Q

What are some types of carbs?

A

Sugars, Starch, Glycogen, Fiber

4
Q

AMDR for Carbs

A

45-65%

5
Q

Where do carbs come from?

A

Plants convert the sun’s energy into glucose by photosynthesis.

6
Q

Three Monosaccharides

A

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

7
Q

Disaccharides - 3

A

Maltose (glucose+glucose)
Sucrose (table sugar - glucose+fructose)
Lactose (milk sugar - glucose + galactose.)

8
Q

Complex carbs - polysaccharides are..

A

long chains and branches of sugars linked together.

9
Q

Amylose

A

straight chains of glucose units

10
Q

Amylopectin

A

branched chains of glucose units.

11
Q

Fiber - def

A

part of a plant that we eat but can’t digest. Like, cellulose, hemicellulose, etc.

12
Q

Dietary Fiber - def

A

naturally found in foods.

13
Q

Functional fiber - def

A

added to food for beneficial effect, like psyllium added to cereals.

14
Q

Fiber is classified by its affinity for water. T/F?

A

TRUE.

15
Q

Soluble fiber - def

A

dissolves in water and is fermented by intestinal bacteria.

16
Q

Insoluble fiber - def

A

cellulose, heicellulose, lignin, etc. - Move rapidly through the GI tract - laxative effect!

17
Q

Glycogen - def

A

storage form of glucose in humans and animals. Stored in liver and muscle cells.

18
Q

Grains - def

A

important staple and source of nutrition.

19
Q

Enriched grains - def

A

folic acid, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin and iron added to restore some of the lost nutrition.

20
Q

Whole grains contain…

A

all three parts of kernel.

21
Q

You digest carbs where?

A

In your mouth and your intestines.

22
Q

Lactose -def

A

principal carb found in dairy products.

23
Q

Lactose Intolerance - def

A

when lactose maldigestion results in nausea, cramps, etc.

24
Q

Tips for tolerating lactose -

A

add it gradually to your diet, etc.

25
Q

Minimum amount of carbs needed per day -

A

130grams.

26
Q

Fiber - amount needed per day.

A

Roughly 30 - 10 per meal, as Mary says! As Americans, we only get about 15!

27
Q

Liver glycogen stores depleted after about ___ hours.

A

18.

28
Q

Ketosis - def

A

elevated blood levels of ketone bodies after fasting about two days.

29
Q

Naturally occuring sugars - found in…

A

nature!

30
Q

Empty calories are part of…

A

Artificial sweeteners!

31
Q

Diabetes Mellitus -

A

individual has high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin or insulin resistance.

32
Q

Type 1 Diabetes -

A

5-10 percent of cases - autoimmune disease - insulin producing cells in pancreas destroyed.

33
Q

Type 2 Diabetes -

A

90 to 95 percent of cases. Cells are resistant to insulin.

34
Q

Prediabetes -

A

impaired glucose tolerance.

35
Q

Gestational diabetes -

A

diabetes during pregnancy.

36
Q

Diagnosing Diabetes -

A

126 - Diabetes

37
Q

Diabetes - ___ leading cause of death in the US.

A

6th.

38
Q

AIC should be less than…

A

7%

39
Q

Hypoglycemia - blood glucose level below…

A

70mg/dl