Notes #2 (9-12)

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

unit of genetic info encoded (nucleic acid) in DNA.

A gene specifies the composition of either a protein or an RNA molecule

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 3

Phenotype

Answer 3

the physical makeup expression of the genotype

Question 4

Mutants

Answer 4

alternative forms of alleles or genes in an organism

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

the total genetic makeup of an organism (3 billion nucleotides)

Question 6

Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids

Answer 6

• amino acids
• vitamins
  - purines (A, T)
  - pyrimidines (C, G)

Question 7

Nucleic Acids can be manufactured by yeast from only ______, _______, and one _________.

Answer 7

carbon; nitrogen; vitamin

Question 8

Biosynthesis

Answer 8

enzymes acting cooperatively in pathways to construct large macromolecules or biopolymers from small molecules or monomers

Question 9

Examples of biopolymers

Answer 9

proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, structural compounds of cells

Question 10

Auxotroph

Answer 10

a mutant strain of yeast that requires a new nutrient for growth

Question 11

Prototroph

Answer 11

a strain of yeast that doesn’t require a new nutrient for growth

Question 12

Adenine

Answer 12

one of the bases that form DNA; makes AMP

Question 13

Complementation Test

Answer 13

test to determine whether 2 mutations are on the same gene or different genes