Nose, Mouth and Throat Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Nose

A

warms, moistens and filters inhaled air

sensory organ for smell

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2
Q

Parts of the nose

A

septum, turbinates and paranasal sinuses

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3
Q

septum

A

divides nasal cavity

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4
Q

turbinates

A

bony projections within the nasal cavity

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5
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

air filled pockets within the cranium

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6
Q

Types of paranasal sinuses

A

frontal sinus
maxillary sinus
ethmoid sinus
sphenoid

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7
Q

frontal sinus

A

frontal bone above and medial to the orbits

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8
Q

maxillary sinus

A

maxilla (cheekbone) along the side walls of the nasal cavity

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9
Q

ethmoid sinus

A

between orbits

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10
Q

sphenoid

A

deep within the skull

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11
Q

Mouth

A

first part of the digestive system, airway for respiratory system

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12
Q

Oral Cavity

A

short passage bordered by the lips, palate, cheeks and tongue
contains teeth, gums, tongue and salivary glands

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13
Q

Hard Palate

A

bone, close to front teeth, white color

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14
Q

Soft Palate

A

arch of muscle, pink color

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15
Q

Uvula

A

free projection hanging down from middle of the soft palate

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16
Q

Tongue

A

mass of striated muscle

17
Q

Frenulum

A

midline fold of tissue that connects the tongue tot he floor of the mouth

18
Q

Salivary Glands

A

parotid, submandibular and sublingual

19
Q

Parotid glands

A

within the cheeks in front of the ear extending from the zygomatic arch down to the angle of the jaw

20
Q

Submandibular glands

A

beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw (size of walnut)

21
Q

Sublingual glands

A

lies within the floor of the mouth under the tongue

22
Q

Salivary glands function to

A

secrete saliva, starts digestion and cleans and protects the mucosa.

23
Q

Throat (oropharynx)

A

behind the mouth and nose

oropharynx, tonsils and nasopharynx

24
Q

Oropharynx

A

separated from mouth by a fold of tissue on each side of the anterior tonsillar pillar

25
Q

Tonsils

A

mass of lymphoid tissue

26
Q

Nasopharynx

A

above the oropharynx and behind the nasal cavity; adenoids and eustachian tube openings are within the nasopharynx

27
Q

Transcultural Considerations

A

bifid uvula and cleft lip/palate

28
Q

bifid uvula

A

split uvula - approx 2% of general population

29
Q

cleft lip/palate

A

about 1:600 births

30
Q

History (Subjective): Nose

A
  1. Nasal d/c
  2. Frequent URI, or cold sx
  3. Sinus pain/tenderness/pressure; hx of sinusitis
  4. Trauma
  5. Epistaxis
  6. Allergies
  7. Altered smell/change in sense of smell
31
Q

History (Subjective): Mouth and Throat

A
  1. Mouth sores or lesions, canker sores
  2. Sore throat
  3. Bleeding gums
  4. Toothaches, tooth sensitivity (i.e. hot, cold, sweets)
  5. Hoarseness or voice changes
  6. Dysphagia/ difficulty swallowing
  7. Altered or change in taste
  8. Hx smoking, alcohol consumption - frequency, amount.
  9. Self-care behaviors - last dental exam, dentures, etc.
  10. Medications
32
Q

Physical Exam/Assessment (Objective)

A

A. Inspect and palpate external nose
B. Inspect nasal cavity and Inspect turbinates
C. Palpate Sinuses (frontal and maxillary)
D. Inspect Mouth
E. Inspect Throat
F. Breath odor/halitosis

33
Q

Inspect and palpate external nose

A

note symmetry, septum midline and proportion

34
Q

Inspect Nasal Cavity

A

note color, texture/surface, d/c, swelling, bleeding, etc.

35
Q

Inspect Turbinates

A

note color and texture

36
Q

Inspect mouth

A
  1. Lip color, moisture, cracking or lesions
  2. Teeth - note #, caries, bite, loose teeth or abnormally positioned teeth
  3. Gums - color, bleeding, gum margins
  4. Tongue - color, surface characteristics and moisture. Floor of mouth or under tongue - note white patches, nodules or ulcerations
  5. Buccal mucosa - color, nodules, lesions (Stensen’s Duct - opening of the parotid salivary gland)
  6. Inspect palate and uvula
37
Q

Inspect Throat

A

note tonsils, color, size, grade tonsils

38
Q

Grade tonsils

A

1+ visible, 2+ halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula, 3+ touching uvula, 4+ tonsils touching each other