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Host and Defense > NK cells and Gamma/Delta T cells > Flashcards

NK cells and Gamma/Delta T cells Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 states that regulate NK cell targeting

A
  1. protection- healthy cells express both stimulatory and inhibitory signals
  2. Missing-self- reduced MHC I expression
  3. Induced-self- unhealthy cells increase stress ligand expression
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2
Q

T/F Not all NK cells detect all MHC I receptors or stress ligands

A

true

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3
Q

what must NK cells be in order to detect lack of receptor expression

A

the must be educated

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4
Q

what role do cytokines play dealing with NK cells

A

stimulating signal
receptor expression
IFNs, IL-12

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5
Q

what are the two activating receptors on NK cells

A

NKG2D

CD16 (Fc receptor)

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6
Q

what are the two inhibitory receptors on NK cells?

A

NKG2A

KIR family

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7
Q

can NK cells form memory cells?

A

yes

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8
Q

T/F stimulating signals must overcome inhibitory signals?

A

true

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9
Q

what does the NKG2D bind?

A

binds MIC proteins (stress ligands)

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10
Q

what does NKG2A bind?

A

binds MHC I

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11
Q

what does Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) family bind?

A

binds MHC I

inhibit activation

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12
Q

generally inhibitory receptors bind what?

A

MHC I

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13
Q

does cells express NKG2A and KIR at the same time?

A

no, there express one or the other

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14
Q

infected cells do what with there surface ligands

A

MHC I down regulation

increase stress ligand signaling

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15
Q

if a NK detects MHC I on a cell surface what happens?

A

nothing, the cell stays alive

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16
Q

if a NK doesn’t detect a MHC I on the surface what happens?

A

kills the cell

17
Q

what is NK cell education

A

MHC I exposure during development

18
Q

what are the three absolute things that happen after education

A

NK cells detect that specific MHC I isotype
NK cells must detect that MHC I isotype
NK cells only detect that MHC I isotype

19
Q

NK cell activation and effector response

target cell response

A

target cell interaction:

  • downregulation MHC I
  • stress ligands
  • CD 16
20
Q

NK cell activation and effector response

leukocyte interaction

A

APCs
Th cells
NKT cells

21
Q

NK cell activation and effector response

cytokines

A

IFNs, IL-12

proliferation, receptor expression, cytokine and granule production

22
Q

effector functions

A

cytokine release

cytotoxicity

23
Q

for NK cells to be activated you need what?

A

at least 2 stress signals and a downregulation of MHC I

24
Q

Innate mechanism to activate NK cells

A

2 signals

stress ligands

25
Q

adaptive mechanism the activate NK cells

A 
single signal
Ig targeting (CD16 receptor on NK cell)
26
Q

how to NK cells kill?

A
  1. Degranulation
    - perforin
    - granzyme
  2. Death receptors(triggers apoptosis)
    - FasL
    - TRAIL
  3. Interferons(gamma) and nitric oxide
27
Q

what is the major role and gamma/delta T cells?

A

removed diseased and malignant cells

28
Q

where can you find gamma/delta T cells?

A

tissues and mucosal surfaces

  • sit in epithelial layers
  • intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL)
29
Q

what antigens do gamma/delta T cells bind?

A

phospho-antigens
phospholipids
lipids

30
Q

functions of gamma/delta T cells?

A

both like CD8 and CD4 like activity

  • direct killing
  • cytokine and chemokine release
  • NK, Macs and DC activations
31
Q

can gamma/delta T cells be antigen presenting cells?

A

yes

32
Q

do gamma/delta T cells have stress ligand receptors?

A

yes they are similar to NK cells

-detect presence and absence of MHC I

33
Q

what cells promote tissue repair and homeostasis?

A

gamma/delta T cells

34
Q

what receptors do epithelial cells have that present the lipid antigens(both self and non self) to gamma/delta T cells

A

CD1

35
Q

when a gamma/delta T cells interacts with a CD1 what does this allow

A

discriminate self from non self
activate, and targeted killing
-**Co-signal dependent
very specific detection

36
Q

gamma/delta T cell receptors bind?

A

phospholipid receptors
MHC-I related receptors
stress ligands
*they monitor the health of mucosal tissues

37
Q

what is the gamma/detla response

A

relatively rapid response the local pathogens and disease

  • PAMPs
  • Stress ligands
38
Q

gamma/delta T cell effector functions

A
  1. promote inflammation
    - Th17, Th1 activation
    - NK activation
  2. Drive adaptive initiation
    - DC and Mac stimulation
    - Direct presentation
  3. Directly cytotoxic
    - Perforin and granzyme
    - CD16 (Fc receptor)
39
Q

Will MHC I always inhibit NK cells?

A

no, you can abundant stress signals

Host and Defense (26 decks)

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