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Flashcards in Nitrogen 1 Deck (18)
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1
Q

Which enzyme do nitrogen fixing bacteria use?

A

Nitrogenase - inhibited by oxygen

2
Q

How is oxygen removed to form an anaerobic envrionemnt

A

Uncoupled mitochondria - burns off oxygen

Leghemoglobin in leguemes which binds to oxygen and reduces its concentration

3
Q

What binds with ammonium to form glutamate?

A

Alpha ketogluturate

4
Q

What are the four most abundant amino acids in the body?

A

Aspartate, alanine, glutamine, glutamate

5
Q

What is the process of transferring different amino groups between different molecules?

A

Transamination

6
Q

What does the amino acid react with during transamination?

A

A keto acid

7
Q

What keto acid is used to make alanine from glutamate?

A

Pyruvate

Which is converted into alpha ketoglutarate (typically accepts amino groups)

8
Q

What do all aminotransferases rely on?

A

Pyridoxal phosphate cofactor

9
Q

What is the temporary storage of nitrogen?

A

L- glutamine

10
Q

What is PLP made from?

A

Vitamin B6

11
Q

Where do you find aminotransferases?

A

In the cell

12
Q

What is the function of aspartate aminotransferase?

A

Catalyses the aspartate to oxaloacetate

13
Q

What is the function of alanine aminotransferase

A

Catalyses alanine to pyruvate

14
Q

When do amino acids undergo oxidative catabolism?

A

Leftover amino acids from normal protein turnover
Excess dietary amino acids
Proteins in the body which are broken down during starvation

15
Q

Where do you find pepsin?

A

Stomach

16
Q

What breaks down peptides into amino acids in the small intestine?

A

Peptides -> smaller peptides - Trypsin and chymotrypsin

Smaller peptides -> amino acids - aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase

17
Q

What enzymes are membrane bound?

A

Aminopeptidase

18
Q

What is the proteosome used to degrade?

A

Foreign, unwanted and misfolded proteins