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Human Developmental Biology > Neurulation > Flashcards

Flashcards in Neurulation Deck (9)
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1
Q

What happens during week 3 of development and why?

A

Broadening of cranial end allowing specification of cells in ectoderm to become neural cells (neuroectoderm)

2
Q

what induces the production of epidermis from ectoderm?

A

BMPs (BMP-4)

3
Q

How is neuroectoderm formed?

A

Increased expression of chordin, noggin and follistatin leads to inhibition of BMP signalling

4
Q

How are the neural folds and neural groove formed?

A

End of 3rd week, lateral edges of neural plate becomes elevated to form neural folds, and the depressed midregion forms neural groove

5
Q

How is the neural tube formed?

A

Neural folds approach each other and fuse on midline. Fusion begins in cranial region and proceeds craniocaudally creating neural tube.

6
Q

when do the anterior and posterior neuropore close?

A

Anterior: day 25
Posterior: day 27

7
Q

Name open NTDs

A

Cranioschisis (brain)

Myeloschisis (spinal cord) i.e. spina bifida aperta

8
Q

Name skin covered NTDs

A

Encephaloceles

9
Q

What are the causes of NTDs?

A
  1. Varies by race
  2. Mutuations
  3. Linked to teratogens
  4. High insulin
  5. Valproic acid