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PHTH 521 > Neuropathology > Flashcards

Neuropathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

A
  1. Somatic

2. Visceral

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2
Q

Pathology of the ____ may lead to paresis or paralysis of a muscle or muscle group, and may be limited and show limited limb involvement.

A

PNS

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3
Q

Spasticity, + babinski, brisk reflexes and unilateral or bilateral involvement are all possible signs of ____ pathology.

A

CNS

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4
Q

PNS sensory signs are restricted to a _______.

A

dermatome

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5
Q

CNS sensory signs are complex and involve multiple _________, with a definite sensory level associated with a ______ level.

A

dermatomes; spinal

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6
Q

____ pathology may lead to autonomic dysfunction.

A

CNS

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7
Q

How is nerve conduction velocity effected in lower motor neuron damage? upper motor neuron damage?

A

less to absent; same

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8
Q

A lot of neurons can be lost before weakness is noted (T/F)/

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Smaller neuronal cross sectional area due to aging may be _______ in origin; atherosclerosis leads to poorer blood supply.

A

vascular

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10
Q

With aging, ________ control of dermal vasculature declines which leads to poor wound healing.

A

sympathetic

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11
Q

Slowed nerve conduction velocity and smaller action potentials lead to what 3 things?

A
  1. Decreased strength
  2. Sensory changes
  3. Overall slower function
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12
Q

Peripheral nerve regeneration occurs at a rate of __-__ mm/day.

A

1-5

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13
Q

What is the pathology behind charcot-marie-tooth disease?

A

extensive demyelination

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14
Q

The pattern of hammer toes, peripheral atrophy, per cavus and weakness in DF is indicative of?

A

Charcot-marie-tooth disease

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15
Q

There is no treatment to alter disease course of charcot-marie-tooth disease (T/F).

A

TRUE

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16
Q

_____ _____ _____ is the most common entrapment syndrome in the US/Canada.

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

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17
Q

_____ ______ ______ = compression induced schema and segmental demyelination of the median nerve.

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

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18
Q

CTS displays with nocturnal pain (T/F).

A

TRUE

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19
Q

How is CTS confirmed?

A

nerve conduction velocity testing

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20
Q

What is the cause of bell’s palsy?

A

latent herpes virus which becomes reactivated

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21
Q

What two populations are are higher risk of CTS?

A

pregnant women and diabetics

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22
Q

_____ _____ = unilateral facial paralysis.

A

bell’s palsy

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23
Q

What does the facial nerve innervate?

A
  1. Muscles of facial expression
  2. Stapedius muscle of inner ear
  3. Sensory and autonomic fibres for taste, tears and salivation
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24
Q

What is the medical management of bell’s palsy?

A
  1. Corticosteroid treatment

2. Protect eye

25
Q

______ _____ _____ = entrapment syndrome caused by pressure on the thoracic outlet on brachial plexus at the inferior border of the axilla.

A

thoracic outlet syndrome

26
Q

When may vascular changes occurs in TOS?

A

if subclavian artery is entrapped

27
Q

TOS causes neuropraxia and _______ ______ (anterograde or distal to the lesion).

A

wallerian degeneration

28
Q

Are women or men more prone to TOS?

A

women

29
Q

Where might pain from TOS radiate?

A

neck –> face, scapula, and anterior chest

30
Q

_______ syndrome might accompany TOS bc of vascular complications.

A

reynauds

31
Q

Diabetic neuropathy is a metabolic neuropathy that effects nerves and _______ cells.

A

schwann

32
Q

In diabetic neuropathy, ________ leads to abnormal microcirculation.

A

hyperglycemia

33
Q

There is a clear relationship between insulin levels and diabetic neuropathy (T/F)

A

FALSE

34
Q

In diabetic neuropathy, nerve _____ ______ is reduced.

A

growth factor

35
Q

_________ neuropathy seen in poorly controlled diabetes, which results in distal symmetric sensory changes; paresthesia, burning sensation

A

hyperglycaemic

36
Q

Clinical manifestations of diabetic neuropathy included _____ ________ polyneuropathy.

A

generalized symmetric

37
Q

Diabetic neuropathy displays with _________ paresthesia.

A

painless

38
Q

There is _________ motor weakness in diabetic neuropathy.

A

minimal

39
Q

Diabetic neuropathy might also display with _______ neuropathies like mononeuropathies in limbs or cranial nerves,

A

focal

40
Q

What is the most common cause of motor paresis and paralysis?

A

Guillian barre syndrome

41
Q

When is maximal weakness reached in guillian barre syndrome?

A

2-3 weeks

42
Q

How long does recovery from Guillian Barre syndrome take?

A

months

43
Q

GBS is an ______ disorder.

A

immune

44
Q

Is GBS more common in men or women?

A

men

45
Q

_______ = lesions throughout PNS from spinal nerves to terminating fibres.

A

GBS

46
Q

GBS = __________ mediated demyelination

A

antibody

47
Q

In GBS, the ________ in the schwann cells are attacked by circulating antibodies.

A

myelin

48
Q

In GBS there is a rapidly ascending ______ weakness and distal ________ loss.

A

motor; sensory

49
Q

In GBS, will deep tendon reflexes be present?

A

No

50
Q

CSF in people with GBS will show elevated levels of _____.

A

albumin

51
Q

What does early and later PT involvement in GBS look like?

A

Early: preserve muscle and ROM
Later: strengthen

52
Q

_____ ______ ______ ______ = abnormal respones in peripheral nerves.

A

complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)

53
Q

How many levels of CRPS are there?

A

2

54
Q

CRPS ___ = pain syndrome after trauma

A

I

55
Q

CRPS __ = pain syndrome when trauma involved a major nerve.

A

II

56
Q

______ may present as a smooth, hot, swollen joint.

A

CRPS

57
Q

_______ is caused by reactivation of the Varicellazoster virus years after initial infection.

A

shingles

58
Q

________ affects a single cranial nerve or dermatome.

A

shingles

59
Q

Can shingles affect motor nerves?

A

yes, occasionally; will cause LMN signs

PHTH 521 (9 decks)

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