Neurology: Neuro Exam Correlation Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neurology: Neuro Exam Correlation Deck (28)
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1
Q

What is asterixis?

A

Flapping tremor of the hand when the wrist is extended (stopping traffic position). Associated with metabolic encephalopathy.

2
Q

What is dystonia?

A

Abnormal sustained posture that often leads to twisting of the body.

3
Q

What is tardive dyskinesia?

A

Movement disorder with repetitive and involuntary movements that are slow onset.

4
Q

What is akathisia?

A

Syndrome of restlessness manifesting as an inability to sit still.

5
Q

Describe broca’s aphasia in terms of fluency, comprehension, and repitition.

A

Non-fluent, comprehension spared, repetition impaired

6
Q

Describe wernicke’s aphasia in terms of fluency, comprehension, and repitition.

A

Fluent, comprehension impaired, repetition impaired

7
Q

Describe global aphasia in terms of fluency, comprehension, and repitition.

A

All functions have deficits

8
Q

Conductive aphasia is damage to the peri-sylvian connections between broca’s and wernicke’s and usually results in paraphasic errors. Name and describe the two types of paraphasic errors.

A
  1. Phonemic: substitution of similar sounding words in normal speech
    - ex. saying “pish” when you mean “fish”
  2. Semantic: substituting a simlar word in normal speech
    - ex. saying “ink” when you mean to say “pen” or saying “taxi” when you mean to say “car”
9
Q

Describe transcortical motor aphasia in terms of fluency, comphrehension and repitition.

A

Non-fluent but comprehension and repetition are spared.

10
Q

Describe transcortical sensory aphasia in terms of fluency, comprehension and repitition.

A

Fluent, no comprehension, but repetition is spared.

11
Q

Describe transcortical mixed aphasia in terms of fluency, comprehension and repitition.

A

Everything is impaired except for repetition

12
Q

Describe anomic aphasia.

A

Inability to name the word for a particular item.

13
Q

What can cause unilateral vs. bilateral anosmia?

A

Unilateral: trauma, tumor
Bilateral: trauma, smoking, virus, allergy

14
Q

Describe the presentation of Foster-Kennedy Syndrome. (4 things)

A

Syndrome due to frontal lobe tumors

  1. Anosmia: ipsilateral side
  2. Optic Atrophy: ipsilateral eye
  3. Central Scotoma: loss of middle visual field of ipsilateral eye
  4. Papilledema: contralateral eye

Each result from optic nerve compression, olfactory tract compression, increased intra-cranial pressure

15
Q

What is anisocuria?

A

Unequal pupil size

16
Q

What is hippus?

A

Normal brief oscillations of pupil size in response to light changes

17
Q

What is a Marcus Gunn pupil?

A

Afferent pupillary defect.

One eye responds to the light reflex slower than the other. Can be due to optic nerve or retinal disease.

18
Q

What is an Adie’s Pupil?

A

Dilated pupil due to loss of parasympathetic innervation to the iris. Accommodation is spared.

19
Q

What is an Argyll Robertson Pupil and what commonly causes it?

A

Pupil that constricts for accommodation but doesn’t react to light stimuli.

Caused by Neurosyphilis (prostitutes carry syphilis)

Edinger Westphal lesion (MS or other demyelinating disease)

20
Q

What is one important condition that is associated with Horner Syndrome that a physician would want to rule out?

A

Carotid dissection

21
Q

Common CN IV palsy symptoms.

A

Vertical diplopia
Contralateral head TILT
Caused by trauma

22
Q

Common CN VI palsy symptoms.

A

Horizontal diplopia
Ipsilateral head TURN
Caused by increased intracranial pressure

23
Q

Pneumonic to remember the nystagmus direction with CN VIII caloric testing.

A

COWS
Cold water: opposite nystagmus
Warm water: same side nystagmus

24
Q

What is “-paresis”?

A

Weakness, diminished motor strength

ex. Hemiparesis

25
Q

What is “-plegia”?

A

Paralysis

ex. hemiplegia

26
Q

Which primitive reflex is NEVER normal in adults?

A

Grasp Reflex

27
Q

What lesion would be suspected in a patient that walks on their heals?

A

Ant. tibialis lesion

  • L5 radiculopathy
  • peripheral neuropathy
28
Q

What lesion would be suspected in a patient that walks on their toes?

A

Gastroc lesion

  • S1 radiculopathy
  • peripheral neuropathy