Neurology Flashcards

0
Q

A patient presents with what appears to be an inability to understand speech. Which aphasia should be at the top of your differential?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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1
Q

List 6 medications that can be used for migraine prophylaxis?

A

Beta blockers, tricyclics, calcium channel blockers, NSAIDs and valproic acid.

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2
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Autoimmune- AB to acetylcholine receptors. Muscle weakness & fatigability that improves w/ rest. Diplopia, ptosis, difficulty swallowing.

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3
Q

A patient is brought in following a seizure in which she did not loose consciousness. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Simple partial seizure

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4
Q

Decreased GABA and substance P should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Huntington’s

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5
Q

What cranial nerve is affected with Bell’s palsy?

A

CN VII (facial)

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6
Q

Elevated circulating acetylcholine receptor antibodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Myasthenia gravis

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7
Q

What is the most common primary intracranial neoplasm?

A

Glioma

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8
Q

A patient complains of muscle weakness and fatigability that improves with rest. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Myasthenia gravis

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9
Q

Duchenne’s and Becker’s muscular dystrophy have what genetic characteristic?

A

X linked recessive

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10
Q

What is the age range for Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy?

A

3-5 years old

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11
Q

What is autosomal recessive?

A

And autosomal recessive disorder means two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop.

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12
Q

What is autosomal dominant?

A

If a disease is autosomal dominant, it means you only need to get the abnormal gene from one parent in order for you to inherit the disease.

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13
Q

What four chromosomes have been linked to dementia?

A

1,14,19,21

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14
Q

Describe Kernig’s sign.

A

In meningeal irritation (as in meningitis), flexion of patient’s leg at both hip and knee and then straightening of knee associated with pain and increased resistance to extending knee.

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15
Q

Which nerve root is responsible for the knee jerk reflex?

A

L3-L4

16
Q

What is the medical treatment for a stroke in which the CT has shown no evidence of a hemorrhage?

A

Within the first 4 hours and with no contraindications thrombolytics should be given.

17
Q

What are the most common primary cancer sites for metastasis to the brain?

A

Lung, breast, kidney

18
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

Expressive aphasia, where speech is non-fluent and difficult to initiate, associated with damage to Broca’s area. Because Broca’s area is near motor cortex and underlying internal capsule, associated with a right hemiparesis and homonymous hemianopsia.

19
Q

List three medications used to “treat” multiple sclerosis?

A

Steroids, interferon beta, copolymer 1