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254 > Neurological > Flashcards

Neurological Flashcards

1
Q

Common co morbidities affecting brain?

A 
HTN
Atherosclerosis 
Diabetes
Heart conditions 
Clots
Dementia 
Liver failure d/t increased ammonia 
Chronic pain
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2
Q

Diagnostics for neurological problems?

A 
CT, MRI
EEG
SPEC, PET
Angiography 
Electrolytes 
Blood glucose
ABGs
CBC-diff
Toxicology
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3
Q

Good LOC?

A

General awareness of oneself and surrounding environment

Brain is receiving constant supply of oxygen and glucose

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4
Q

Levels of consciousness?

A

Full: A&O

Confusion: unable to think rapidly and clearly, short attention span

Disorientation: disorientated to time and place

Stuporous: responsive to painful stimuli

Comatose: unarousable

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5
Q

What is the Glasgow coma scale?

A

Standardized system for assessing the degree of conscious impairment in pts and predicting the duration/outcome of coma or injury

Used to measure and track problems

15 is best score

3= comatose

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6
Q

Components of Glasgow coma scale?

A

Eye opening response
Best verbal response
Best motor response

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7
Q

Data to collect during neurological assessment?

A 
Visual changes
Ringing is ears, dizzy
Numbness or tingling 
Any med or alcohol use?
VS
PERRLA
N/V
R & L sides symmetrical?
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8
Q

Data collection for unconscious pts?

A 
Any changes in breathing?
Assess babinski reflex (foot)
Assess corneal reflex
Assess gag reflex
Abnormal posturing
-decorticate: flexion
-decerebrate: extension
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9
Q

What is nystagmus?

A

Eye drift

Continual eye movement

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10
Q

Seizure precautions?

A 
Emergency equipment
Bed in low position
Bed closer to nursing station
Bed alarm
Adjusting environment 
All 4 bed rails 
Call bell in reach 
Pt teaching
Pt aware of auora?
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11
Q

What is given for statices epilepticus?

A

IV diazepam

A dangerous condition when seizures follow one after another without recovery of consciousness between them

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12
Q

Documentation if pt has seizure?

A 
What you see
Meds given 
Pt teaching done
Pt status before and after seizure
Interventions done 
How long did it last 
Was it witnessed
How did you leave them 
Subjective data from pt
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13
Q

What is increased ICP?

A

When pressure inside skull rises

Serious condition that needs immediate treatment

Made up of CSF, blood and brain

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14
Q

What is cushings triad?

A

Irregular resps
Bradycardia (slow HR)
Systolic HTN (widening pulse pressure)

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15
Q

Valsalva maneuver?

A

Performed by attempting to forcefully exhale against a closed airway

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16
Q

Common neurological health problems?

A 
CVA/TIA
Epilepsy 
Aneurysm 
Brain tumour 
Brain injury ex. Concussion
Hemorrhage 
Increased ICP
Infection

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