Neuro - Peripheral Nerve Diseases Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neuro - Peripheral Nerve Diseases Deck (31)
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1
Q

What degenerative diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?

A

neuropathies and myopathies

2
Q

What metabolic diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?

A

diabetic neuropathies and polymyopathies

3
Q

What neoplastic diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?

A

nerve sheath tumors

4
Q

What infectious diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?

A

botulism, tetanus, and toxoplasmosis/neosporosis

5
Q

What non-infectious diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?

A

myasthenia gravis, coonhound paralysis, brachial plexus neuritis, polymyositis, masseter muscle myositis

6
Q

What idiopathic diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?

A

laryngeal paralysis, myotonia, neuropathies, motor neuronopathies, scotty cramp, familiar myoclonus of Labrador retreivers, dancing doberman syndrome, and dysatonia

7
Q

What traumatic diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?

A

brachial plexus avulsion

8
Q

What toxic diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?

A

tick paralysis and organophosphate toxicity

9
Q

What vascular diseases affect the peripheral nervous system?

A

aortic thromboembolism

10
Q

What are the big three diffuse lower motor neuron diseases?

A

botulism, coonhound paralysis (polyradiculoneuritis), and tick paralysis

11
Q

What does botulism toxin due to the nervous system?

A

It prevents the release of ACH

12
Q

What cranial nerve signs are associated with Botulism?

A

dysphagia, dysphonia, and megaesophagus

13
Q

What does the toxin in patients with tick paralysis do to the nervous system?

A

It prevents the release of ACH

14
Q

Where are the diffuse LMN signs associated with tick paralysis typically seen first?

A

In the pelvic limbs, then they progress to the thoracic limbs

15
Q

What cranial nerve signs are associated with tick paralysis?

A

The cranial nerves are typically normal but there is occasionally mild facial muscle weakness reported and decreased palpebral

16
Q

What is Coonhound paralysis (polyradiculoneuritis)?

A

immune mediated, inflammatory disease of the nerve roots (proximal nerves)

17
Q

Where are the diffuse LMN signs associated with Coonhound paralysis initially noted?

A

the pelvic limbs

18
Q

What cranial nerve signs are associated with Coonhound paralysis?

A

The cranial nerves are typically normal but there is occasionally mild facial muscle weakness reported and decreased palpebral

19
Q

What clinical finding distinguishes Coonhound paralysis from tick paralysis and botulism?

A

dogs are often hyperesthetic to minimal stimulation

20
Q

What are the 2 clinical forms of myasthenia gravis?

A

focal and diffuse

21
Q

What disease process is associated with focal myasthenia gravis?

A

megaesophagus

22
Q

What are the 2 clinical causes of myasthenia gravis?

A

congenital vs. acquired

23
Q

What breeds commonly get congenital mysathenia gravis?

A

Jack Russell Terriers, Smooth-coated Fox terrier, Springer Spaniels, and Samoyed breeds

24
Q

Generally, what is myasthenia gravis?

A

grave muscle weakness

25
Q

What clinical signs are associated with myasthenia gravis?

A

classically exercise induced muscle weakness

26
Q

How do myasthenia gravis patients step and how is their gait?

A

step distance is short and the gait is progressively stiff and stilted

27
Q

What cranial nerve reflex is decreased in patients with myasthenia gravis?

A

decreased palpebral reflex

28
Q

How is myasthenia gravis diagnosed?

A

clinical signs, tensilon response test, AntiACH receptor antibody test, and biopsy of the intercostal muscle

29
Q

What is neuropraxia?

A

physiologic disruption of function without anatomical damage

30
Q

What is axonotmesis?

A

anatomical disruption of some axons

31
Q

What is neurotmesis?

A

complete transection

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