Neuro Guidelines Chap 7 - Perinatal Studies Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neuro Guidelines Chap 7 - Perinatal Studies Deck (24)
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1
Q

which species is studied the most for development of pain perception?

A

Rat

2
Q

At what gestational age do fetuses respond to noxious stimuli in various species, rat, lamb, NHP?

A

Rat=d17, Lamb=125d, Rhesus d133

3
Q

At what age does a rat fetus respond to formalin injection into the paw?

A

embryonic day 19 with c-fos expression in spinal cord at E20

4
Q

How early is allodynia noted in rat pups post-natally with experimentally induced inflammation?

A

3d

5
Q

Behavioral responses to induced inflammation are noted at what age in rat pups?

A

1d

6
Q

At what age are mature pain responses noted in rats?

A

3 weeks (weaning)

7
Q

What differences in neonates are present that can affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of analgesics and anesthetics?

A

Permeable blood-brain-barrier, higher body water content, lower albumin, immature hepatic microsomal enzymes

8
Q

At what point of gestation should management of pain be considered for the fetus?

A

Late-term gestation many species are noted to respond to noxious stimuli.

9
Q

For fetal procedures of late term gestation, is the analgesia and anesthetics provided to the dam sufficient for the fetus?

A

yes, most drug classes cross the placenta

10
Q

How do rodent neonates differ from more precocious or large species neonates in the use of anesthetics and analgesics?

A

rodent neonates are much more sensitive to the side effects of analgesics like ketamine and pentobarbital while precocious animals and large species neonates are not.

11
Q

What anesthetic techniques have provided the best results for neonatal rodents?

A

inhalants and hypothermia

12
Q

What is the first choice of anesthetic for neonatal rodents?

A

inhalants and if not feasible then hypothermia

13
Q

At what age is hypothermia recommended for neonatal rodent anesthesia?

A

up to 7d of age

14
Q

With which anesthetic technique do rat pups emit ultrasonic vocalizations even after being returned to their dams?

A

hypothermia, recommend to insulate them

15
Q

How is anesthetic depth assessed in neonatal rodents?

A

Similar to adults, toe or tail pinch.

16
Q

Opioid analgesics are effective against which types of pain in neonatal rodents?

A

mechanical, inflammatory, thermal

17
Q

What methods can be used to decrease cannabalism after returning neonatal rodents to the dam?

A

Make sure they are fully recovered, place them in the middle of the litter, allow them time to settle in before returning dam to litter, smear them with urine/feces/bedding from the cage, foster the litter to an outbred strain that has similar aged litter for a few hours to overnight.

18
Q

What scented substances can be used to aid with reintroduction of rodent neonates to their dams post operatively?

A

Vicks Vapo-rub or baby powder

19
Q

Describe the technique for cross fostering of pups/litters for pups involved in research protocols requiring removal from the dam.

A

Similar aged litter of the protocol litter is removed from the dam and swapped with litter of a strain/stock that is known to have good maternal care. Return the neonates undergoing surgery to their litter and foster dam for a few hours or overnight. Once neonates are fully recovered, return litter to original dam.

20
Q

What strain of mouse is known for high cannabalism rates of litters that undergoing surgical procedures?

A

BALB/c

21
Q

What does The Guide recommend regarding toe clipping of neonatal rodents?

A

It may be the preferred method, as it shows no adverse effects on behavior and well being at 7d of age or younger. (pg 75). However, The Guide does say it should be used when other methods are not feasible.

22
Q

At what age is toe clipping recommended based on The Guide

A

7d or less (same ages for hypothermia listed in Neuroscience guidelines)

23
Q

For neuroscience procedures on fetuses of large species that need to be performed in a lab setting instead of a dedicated surgical facility, how does the research institution handle this?

A

the IACUC should provide approval for the scientific justfication. Neuroscience guidelines recommend a team approach with IACUC, DVM, PI using performance standards to guide appropriate care of the animals.

24
Q

Rodent fetuses of what gestation can be left in the uterus for euthanasia after the dam has been euthanized?

A

Embryonic day 14, lack of neural development prevents response to noxious stimuli. AVMA Euth Guidelines say leave them in uterus, no specific age is listed.