Neuro & Back History Flashcards

1
Q

Cardinal neuro symptoms

A
Headache
Syncope
Seizures
Falls
Dizziness/vertigo
Visual disturbances
Altered sensation
Aura
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2
Q

Classic subdural haemorrhage

A

Recent head injury
Gradual onset headache
Fluctuating level of consciousness
Elderly and alcoholics

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3
Q

Classic extradural haemorrhage

A

Recent head injury
Gradual onset headache
Fluctuating level of conciousness
Young and alcoholics

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4
Q

Classic intracerebral heamorrhage

A

Sudden onset severe headache
Raised ICP (waking up with headache, vomiting without nausea)
Focal neurology

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5
Q

Classic subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

Sudden onset severe headache
Meningism (neck stiffness, photophbia, headache)
Drowsiness/loss of conciousness
Focal neurology

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6
Q

Classic meningits/encephalitis

A

Fever, non blanching rash
Meningism (neck stiffness, photophobia, headache)
Infective (sweating, malaise, joint pain, diarrhoea)
N&V
Drowsiness/loss of conciousness

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7
Q

PMH for headache

A

Hypertension/kidney disease
TIAs/strokes
Migraines
Tension headaches

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8
Q

Action for suspected intracranial bleed

A

CT head
LP at 12hrs: Xanthochromia, spectrophotometry for bilirubin
Referral to neurosurgeons?

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9
Q

Space occupying lesion headache history

A

Older age
Focal neuro signs and symptoms
Headache on waking
Vomiting without nausea

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10
Q

Temporal arteritis history

A
Over 60yrs
frontal/occipital
Jaw pain/scalp tenderness/visual disturbance
Malaise
Proximal muscle weakness
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11
Q

Classic cluster headache

A

Localised around one eye
Associated autonomic lacrimation and nasal congestion
Occurs for 15mins-2hrs daily for 6-8weeks then subsides for months

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12
Q

Classic migraine

A
Chronic/recurrent headaches
Prodrome/aura
Trigger (cheese/chocolate/stress)
Oral contraceptive pill?
Photophobia/visual disturbance (zigzag lines)
N&V
FH
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13
Q

Classic tension headache

A

Band-like dull ache
Scalp not cranium
Last throughout day, worsens in evening
Tired/dizzy

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14
Q

11 Red flags for back pain

A
Onset 55
Constant/progressive/nocturnal pain
History of cancer
Progressive neurological deficit
Disturbed gait/saddle anaesthesia
Leg claudication
Morning stiffness
Current/recent infection
Bladder/bowel dysfunction
Immunosuppression
Fevers/unexplained weight loss
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15
Q

Causes of back pain in 15-30yr olds

A

Trauma
fracture
prolapsed disc
ankylosing spondylitis

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16
Q

Classic inflamm back pain

A
Morning stiffness>30mins
Gradual onset, progressive
Increased pain with rest
Disturbs sleep
Stiff spine/sacroiliac joint stiffness
17
Q

Classic cauda equina syndrome

A
Persistent and progressive bilateral leg pain
Normal leg pulses
Eased by leaning forward
Stiff spine
Bladder/bowel dysfunction
18
Q

Classic sciatica

A

Buttock->back of leg->foot

Parasthesia and pain