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Flashcards in Neural Development Deck (51)
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1
Q

Soon after gastrulation, neurulationbegins and results in the formation of a dorsal, ectoderm-derived

A

Neural Tube

2
Q

This neural tube is completed by the end of

A

Week 4

3
Q

The neural tube forms the neurons* and neuroglia in the

A

Brain and spinal cord of CNS

4
Q

Neural tube formation occurs with induction of ectoderm by

A

Notochord factors

5
Q

Neural tube formation occurs with induction of ectodermby notochord factors so that developing neuroectoderm cells organize in the midline as a thickening called the

A

Neural Plate

6
Q

The neural plate folds to form a depression called the

-Has bilateral neural folds

A

Neural groove

7
Q

The neural fold edges fuse in the dorsal midline to form the

A

Neural tube

8
Q

With bi-directional fusion of the neural tube, the final step of neurulation is

A

Neuropore closure

9
Q

May occur with defective closure of neuropores during week 4 with resulting defective formation of skull, vertebrae, meninges, neural tissues

A

Neural Tube Defevts (NTDs)

10
Q

Cleft skull and spine due to defective closure of entire neural tube

A

Craniorachischisis

11
Q

Defective formation of cranial vault and exposure of brain to amniotic fluid, which leads to degeneration

A

Anencephaly

12
Q

Anencephaly is due to a defective closure of the

A

Cranial neuropore

13
Q

A mild defect in the fusion of vertebral arches without herniation of underlying neural tissue

A

Spina bifida Occulta

14
Q

A defect in the fusion of vertebral arches WITH herniation of underlying neural tissue

A

Spina bifida Cystica

15
Q

Screening for severe NTDs is accomplished by measuring for elevated levels of

A

Alpha-fetoprotein (amniotic fluid or maternal serum) or Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (amniotic fluid 15-20 weeks)

16
Q

Most neural tube defects can be prevented with sufficient amounts of

A

Folic acid supplementation

17
Q

Associated with a range of growth deficiencies/structural defects in brain, face, heart and/or intellectual disabilities and/or behavioral issues

A

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

18
Q

Severe end of FASD characterized by low nasal bridge and short nose with smooth philitrum and thin upper lip

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

19
Q

Separates the neural tube into dorsal and ventral halves

A

Sulcus Limitans

20
Q

Lines the neural tube lumen/neural canal

A

Neuroepithelium

21
Q

Neuropeithelial cells proliferate and differentiate into

A

CNS neuroblasts (primitive neurons)

22
Q

Once neuroblasts form, they lose their ability to

A

Divide

23
Q

The future gray matter of the spinal cord is the

A

Mantle layer

24
Q

The future white matter of the spinal cord is the

A

Marginal layer

25
Q

Bilateral dorsal thickenings of neuroblasts in the mantle layer make up the

A

Alar plate

26
Q

Bilateral ventral thickenings of neuroblasts in the mantle layer make up the

A

Basal Plate

27
Q

The alar plate becomes the

A

Dorsal horn (sensory area)

28
Q

The basal plate becomes the

A

Ventral horn (motor area)

29
Q

Neuropeithelial cells also proliferate and differentiate into

A

CNS glioblasts

30
Q

The future brainregion forms at the rostral end of the neural tube, which develops

  1. ) Bumps called?
  2. ) Bends called?
A
  1. ) Brain vesicles

2. ) Flexures

31
Q

There are three primary brain vesicles. These are the

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), and Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

32
Q

There are two flexures among the primary brain vesicles of the neural tube. These are the

A

Mesencephalic flexure and cervical flexure

33
Q

There are five secondary brain vesicles. These are the

A

TELENCEPHALON and DIENCEPHALON (forebrain) MESENCEPHALON (midbrain), and the METENCEPHALON and MYELECEPHALON (hindbrain)

34
Q

With the formation of the secondary brain vesicles, appears as a dorsal bend between the metencephalon and myencephalon

A

Pontine flexure

35
Q

“Sets the table” so that the sensory alar plates are lateral (rather than dorsal) to the motor basal plates along the floor of the 4th ventricle

A

Pontine flexure

36
Q

The roof of the 4th ventricle becomes

A

Thin and Membranous

37
Q

The MYELENCEPHALON forms the brainstem’s

A

Medulla oblongata

38
Q

The MYELENCEPHALON forms the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. What is associated with this region?

A

CNs IX, X, XI, XII and the 4th ventricle

39
Q

A derivative of the metencephalon’s rhombic lips

A

Cerebellum

40
Q

The mesencephalon forms the

A

Midbrain

41
Q

The mesencephalon forms the midbrain. What is associated with this region?

A

CNs III, IV and Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

42
Q

Forms the optic vesicles (retina, CN II) epiphysis (pineal gland) pituitary(posterior lobe) thalamus andhypothalamus

A

Diencephalon

43
Q

The diencephalon surrounds the

A

3rd ventricle

44
Q

The infundibulum is a ventral extension of the DIENCEPHALON that forms the

A

Posterior pituitary

45
Q

The telencephalon foms the

A

Cerebral hemispheres

46
Q

The cerebral hemispheres are connected medially by the

A

Lamina Terminalis

47
Q

Thickenings of telencephalon (adjacent to the diencephalon) form

A

Basal nuclei

48
Q

The telencephalon is associated with

A

Cranial Nerve I and lateral ventricles

49
Q

The outer gray matter of the brain and its 6 layers are formed by waves of neuroblast migrations

A

Cerebral Cortex

50
Q

What is the oldest and deepest layer of the cerebral cortex?

A

Layer VI

51
Q

Detach from the edges of the developing neural tube and migrate throughout the body to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types

A

Neural Crest Cells