Networking & Content Delivery | Amazon Route 53 Flashcards

Question 1

Q

What is a Domain Name System (DNS) Service?

Getting Started

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

DNS is a globally distributed service that translates human readable names like www.example.com into the numeric IP addresses like 192.0.2.1 that computers use to connect to each other. The Internet’s DNS system works much like a phone book by managing the mapping between names and numbers. For DNS, the names are domain names (www.example.com) that are easy for people to remember and the numbers are IP addresses (192.0.2.1) that specify the location of computers on the Internet. DNS servers translate requests for names into IP addresses, controlling which server an end user will reach when they type a domain name into their web browser. These requests are called “queries.”

Question 2

Q

What is Amazon Route 53?

Getting Started

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Amazon Route 53 provides highly available and scalable Domain Name System (DNS), domain name registration, and health-checking web services. It is designed to give developers and businesses an extremely reliable and cost effective way to route end users to Internet applications by translating names like example.com into the numeric IP addresses, such as 192.0.2.1, that computers use to connect to each other. You can combine your DNS with health-checking services to route traffic to healthy endpoints or to independently monitor and/or alarm on endpoints. You can also purchase and manage domain names such as example.com and automatically configure DNS settings for your domains. Route 53 effectively connects user requests to infrastructure running in AWS – such as Amazon EC2 instances, Elastic Load Balancing load balancers, or Amazon S3 buckets – and can also be used to route users to infrastructure outside of AWS.

Question 3

Q

What can I do with Amazon Route 53?

Getting Started

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

With Amazon Route 53, you can create and manage your public DNS records. Like a phone book, Route 53 lets you manage the IP addresses listed for your domain names in the Internet’s DNS phone book. Route 53 also answers requests to translate specific domain names like into their corresponding IP addresses like 192.0.2.1. You can use Route 53 to create DNS records for a new domain or transfer DNS records for an existing domain. The simple, standards-based REST API for Route 53 allows you to easily create, update and manage DNS records. Route 53 additionally offers health checks to monitor the health and performance of your application as well as your web servers and other resources. You can also register new domain names or transfer in existing domain names to be managed by Route 53.

Question 4

Q

How do I get started with Amazon Route 53?

Getting Started

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Amazon Route 53 has a simple web service interface that lets you get started in minutes. Your DNS records are organized into “hosted zones” that you configure with the AWS Management Console or Route 53’s API. To use Route 53, you simply:

Subscribe to the service by clicking on the sign-up button on the service page.

If you already have a domain name:

Use the AWS Management Console or the CreateHostedZone API to create a hosted zone that can store DNS records for your domain. Upon creating the hosted zone, you receive four Route 53 name servers across four different Top-Level Domains (TLDs) to help ensure a high level of availability.

Additionally, you can transfer your domain name to Route 53’s management via either the AWS Management Console or the API.

If you don’t already have a domain name:

Use the AWS Management Console or the API to register your new domain name.

Route 53 automatically creates a hosted zone that stores DNS records for your domain. You also receive four Route 53 name servers across four different Top-Level Domains (TLDs) to help ensure a high level of availability.

Your hosted zone will be initially populated with a basic set of DNS records, including four virtual name servers that will answer queries for your domain. You can add, delete or change records in this set by using the AWS Management Console or by calling the ChangeResourceRecordSet API . A list of supported DNS records is available here.

If your domain name is not managed by Route 53, you will need to inform the registrar with whom you registered your domain name to update the name servers for your domain to the ones associated with your hosted zone. If your domain name is managed by Route 53 already, your domain name will be automatically associated with the name servers hosting your zone.

Question 5

Q

How does Amazon Route 53 provide high availability and low latency?

Getting Started

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Route 53 is built using AWS’s highly available and reliable infrastructure. The globally distributed nature of our DNS servers helps ensure a consistent ability to route your end users to your application by circumventing any internet or network related issues. Route 53 is designed to provide the level of dependability required by important applications. Using a global anycast network of DNS servers around the world, Route 53 is designed to automatically answer queries from the optimal location depending on network conditions. As a result, the service offers low query latency for your end users.

Question 6

Q

What are the DNS server names for the Amazon Route 53 service?

Getting Started

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

To provide you with a highly available service, each Amazon Route 53 hosted zone is served by its own set of virtual DNS servers. The DNS server names for each hosted zone are thus assigned by the system when that hosted zone is created.

Question 7

Q

What is the difference between a Domain and a Hosted Zone?

Getting Started

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

A domain is a general DNS concept. Domain names are easily recognizable names for numerically addressed Internet resources. For example, amazon.com is a domain. A hosted zone is an Amazon Route 53 concept. A hosted zone is analogous to a traditional DNS zone file; it represents a collection of records that can be managed together, belonging to a single parent domain name. All resource record sets within a hosted zone must have the hosted zone’s domain name as a suffix. For example, the amazon.com hosted zone may contain records named www.amazon.com, and www.aws.amazon.com, but not a record named www.amazon.ca. You can use the Route 53 Management Console or API to create, inspect, modify, and delete hosted zones. You can also use the Management Console or API to register new domain names and transfer in existing domain names into Route 53’s management.

Question 8

Q

What is the price of Amazon Route 53?

Getting Started

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Amazon Route 53 charges are based on actual usage of the service for Hosted Zones, Queries, Health Checks, and Domain Names. For full details, see the Amazon Route 53 pricing page.

You pay only for what you use. There are no minimum fees, no minimum usage commitments, and no overage charges. You can estimate your monthly bill using the AWS Simple Monthly Calculator.

Question 9

Q

What types of access controls can I set for the management of my Domains on Amazon Route 53?

Getting Started

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

You can control management access to your Amazon Route 53 hosted zone by using the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) service. AWS IAM allows you to control who in your organization can make changes to your DNS records by creating multiple users and managing the permissions for each of these users within your AWS Account. Learn more about AWS IAM here.

Question 10

Q

I have subscribed for Amazon Route 53 but when I try to use the service it says “The AWS Access Key ID needs a subscription for the service”

Getting Started

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

When you sign up for a new AWS service, it can take up to 24 hours in some cases to complete activation, during which time you cannot sign up for the service again. If you’ve been waiting longer than 24 hours without receiving an email confirming activation, this could indicate a problem with your account or the authorization of your payment details. Please contact AWS Customer Service for help.

Question 11

Q

Does Amazon Route 53 offer a Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

Getting Started

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. The Amazon Route 53 SLA provides for a service credit if a customer’s monthly uptime percentage is below our service commitment in any billing cycle. More information can be found here.

Question 12

Q

When is my hosted zone charged?

Getting Started

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Hosted zones are billed once when they are created and then on the first day of each month.

Question 13

Q

Why do I see two charges for the same hosted zone in the same month?

Getting Started

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Hosted zones have a grace period of 12 hours–if you delete a hosted zone within 12 hours after you create it, we don’t charge you for the hosted zone. After the grace period ends, we immediately charge the standard monthly fee for a hosted zone. If you create a hosted zone on the last day of the month (for example, January 31st), the charge for January might appear on the February invoice, along with the charge for February.

Question 14

Q

Does Amazon Route 53 provide query logging capability?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

You can configure Amazon Route 53 to log information about the queries that Amazon Route 53 receives including date-time stamp, domain name, query type, location etc. When you configure query logging, Amazon Route 53 starts to send logs to CloudWatch Logs. You use CloudWatch Logs tools to access the query logs; For more information please see our documentation.

Question 15

Q

Does Amazon Route 53 use an anycast network?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. Anycast is a networking and routing technology that helps your end users’ DNS queries get answered from the optimal Route 53 location given network conditions. As a result, your users get high availability and improved performance with Route 53.

Question 16

Q

Is there a limit to the number of hosted zones I can manage using Amazon Route 53?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Each Amazon Route 53 account is limited to a maximum of 500 hosted zones and 10,000 resource record sets per hosted zone. Complete our request for a higher limit and we will respond to your request within two business days.

Question 17

Q

How can I import a zone into Route 53?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Route 53 supports importing standard DNS zone files which can be exported from many DNS providers as well as standard DNS server software such as BIND. For newly-created hosted zones, as well as existing hosted zones that are empty except for the default NS and SOA records, you can paste your zone file directly into the Route 53 console, and Route 53 automatically creates the records in your hosted zone. To get started with zone file import, read our walkthrough in the Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide.

Question 18

Q

Can I create multiple hosted zones for the same domain name?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. Creating multiple hosted zones allows you to verify your DNS setting in a “test” environment, and then replicate those settings on a “production” hosted zone. For example, hosted zone Z1234 might be your test version of example.com, hosted on name servers ns-1, ns-2, ns-3, and ns-4. Similarly, hosted zone Z5678 might be your production version of example.com, hosted on ns-5, ns-6, ns-7, and ns-8. Since each hosted zone has a virtual set of name servers associated with that zone, Route 53 will answer DNS queries for example.com differently depending on which name server you send the DNS query to.

Question 19

Q

Does Amazon Route 53 also provide website hosting?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

No. Amazon Route 53 is an authoritative DNS service and does not provide website hosting. However, you can use Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) to host a static website. To host a dynamic website or other web applications, you can use Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), which provides flexibility, control, and significant cost savings over traditional web hosting solutions. Learn more about Amazon EC2 here. For both static and dynamic websites, you can provide low latency delivery to your global end users with Amazon CloudFront. Learn more about Amazon CloudFront here.

Question 20

Q

Which DNS record types does Amazon Route 53 support?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Amazon Route 53 currently supports the following DNS record types:

A (address record)

AAAA (IPv6 address record)

CNAME (canonical name record)

CAA (certification authority authorization)

MX (mail exchange record)

NAPTR (name authority pointer record)

NS (name server record)

PTR (pointer record)

SOA (start of authority record)

SPF (sender policy framework)

SRV (service locator)

TXT (text record)

Additionally, Amazon Route 53 offers ‘Alias’ records (an Amazon Route 53-specific virtual record). Alias records are used to map resource record sets in your hosted zone to Amazon Elastic Load Balancing load balancers, Amazon CloudFront distributions, AWS Elastic Beanstalk environments, or Amazon S3 buckets that are configured as websites. Alias records work like a CNAME record in that you can map one DNS name (example.com) to another ‘target’ DNS name (elb1234.elb.amazonaws.com). They differ from a CNAME record in that they are not visible to resolvers. Resolvers only see the A record and the resulting IP address of the target record.

We anticipate adding additional record types in the future.

Question 21

Q

Does Amazon Route 53 support wildcard entries? If so, what record types support them?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. To make it even easier for you to configure DNS settings for your domain, Amazon Route 53 supports wildcard entries for all record types, except NS records. A wildcard entry is a record in a DNS zone that will match requests for any domain name based on the configuration you set. For example, a wildcard DNS record such as *.example.com will match queries for www.example.com and subdomain.example.com.

Question 22

Q

What is the default TTL for the various record types and can I change these values?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

The time for which a DNS resolver caches a response is set by a value called the time to live (TTL) associated with every record. Amazon Route 53 does not have a default TTL for any record type. You must always specify a TTL for each record so that caching DNS resolvers can cache your DNS records to the length of time specified through the TTL.

Question 23

Q

Can I use ‘Alias records with my sub-domains?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. You can also use Alias records to map your sub-domains (www.example.com, pictures.example.com, etc.) to your ELB load balancers, CloudFront distributions, or S3 website buckets.

Question 24

Q

Are changes to resource record sets transactional?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. A transactional change helps ensure that the change is consistent, reliable, and independent of other changes. Amazon Route 53 has been designed so that changes complete entirely on any individual DNS server, or not at all. This helps ensure your DNS queries are always answered consistently, which is important when making changes such as flipping between destination servers. When using the API, each call to ChangeResourceRecordSets returns an identifier that can be used to track the status of the change. Once the status is reported as INSYNC, your change has been performed on all of the Route 53 DNS servers.

Question 25

Q

Can I associate multiple IP addresses with a single record?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. Associating multiple IP addresses with a single record is often used for balancing the load of geographically-distributed web servers. Amazon Route 53 allows you to list multiple IP addresses for an A record and responds to DNS requests with the list of all configured IP addresses.

Question 26

Q

How quickly will changes I make to my DNS settings on Amazon Route 53 propagate globally?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Amazon Route 53 is designed to propagate updates you make to your DNS records to its world-wide network of authoritative DNS servers within 60 seconds under normal conditions. A change is successfully propagated world-wide when the API call returns an INSYNC status listing.

Note that caching DNS resolvers are outside the control of the Amazon Route 53 service and will cache your resource record sets according to their time to live (TTL). The INSYNC or PENDING status of a change refers only to the state of Route 53’s authoritative DNS servers.

Question 27

Q

Can I see a history of my changes and other operations on my Route 53 resources?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes, via AWS CloudTrail you can record and log the API call history for Route 53. Please reference the CloudTrail product page to get started.

Question 28

Q

Can I use AWS CloudTrail logs to roll back changes to my hosted zones?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

No. We recommend that you do not use CloudTrail logs to roll back changes to your hosted zones, because reconstruction of your zone change history using your CloudTrail logs may be incomplete.

Your AWS CloudTrail logs can be used for the purposes of security analysis, resource change tracking, and compliance auditing.

Question 29

Q

Does Amazon Route 53 support DNSSEC?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Amazon Route 53 does not support DNSSEC for DNS at this time. But Amazon Route 53 allows DNSSEC on domain registration.

Question 30

Q

Does Amazon Route 53 support IPv6?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. Amazon Route 53 supports both forward (AAAA) and reverse (PTR) IPv6 records. The Amazon Route 53 service itself is also available over IPv6. Recursive DNS resolvers on IPv6 networks can use either IPv4 or IPv6 transport in order to submit DNS queries to Amazon Route 53. Amazon Route 53 health checks also support monitoring of endpoints using the IPv6 protocol.

Question 31

Q

Can I point my zone apex (example.com versus www.example.com) at my Elastic Load Balancer?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. Amazon Route 53 offers a special type of record called an ‘Alias’ record that lets you map your zone apex (example.com) DNS name to your ELB DNS name (i.e. elb1234.elb.amazonaws.com). IP addresses associated with Amazon Elastic Load Balancers can change at any time due to scaling up, scaling down, or software updates. Route 53 responds to each request for an Alias record with one or more IP addresses for the load balancer. Queries to Alias records that are mapped to ELB load balancers are free. These queries are listed as “Intra-AWS-DNS-Queries” on the Amazon Route 53 usage report.

Question 32

Q

Can I point my zone apex (example.com versus www.example.com) at my website hosted on Amazon S3?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. Amazon Route 53 offers a special type of record called an ‘Alias’ record that lets you map your zone apex (example.com) DNS name to your Amazon S3 website bucket (i.e. example.com.s3-website-us-west-2.amazonaws.com). IP addresses associated with Amazon S3 website endpoints can change at any time due to scaling up, scaling down, or software updates. Route 53 responds to each request for an Alias record with one IP address for the bucket. Route 53 doesn’t charge for queries to Alias records that are mapped to an S3 bucket that is configured as a website. These queries are listed as “Intra-AWS-DNS-Queries” on the Amazon Route 53 usage report.

Question 33

Q

Can I point my zone apex (example.com versus www.example.com) at my Amazon CloudFront distribution?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. Amazon Route 53 offers a special type of record called an ‘Alias’ record that lets you map your zone apex (example.com) DNS name to your Amazon CloudFront distribution (for example, d123.cloudfront.net). IP addresses associated with Amazon CloudFront endpoints vary based on your end user’s location (in order to direct the end user to the nearest CloudFront edge location) and can change at any time due to scaling up, scaling down, or software updates. Route 53 responds to each request for an Alias record with the IP address(es) for the distribution. Route 53 doesn’t charge for queries to Alias records that are mapped to a CloudFront distribution. These queries are listed as “Intra-AWS-DNS-Queries” on the Amazon Route 53 usage report.

Question 34

Q

Can I point my zone apex (example.com versus www.example.com) at my AWS Elastic Beanstalk environment?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. Amazon Route 53 offers a special type of record called an ‘Alias’ record that lets you map your zone apex (example.com) DNS name to your AWS Elastic Beanstalk DNS name (i.e. example.elasticbeanstalk.com). IP addresses associated with AWS Elastic Beanstalk environments can change at any time due to scaling up, scaling down, or software updates. Route 53 responds to each request for an Alias record with one or more IP addresses for the environment. Queries to Alias records that are mapped to AWS Elastic Beanstalk environments are free. These queries are listed as “Intra-AWS-DNS-Queries” on the Amazon Route 53 usage report.

Question 35

Q

How can I use Amazon Route 53 with Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) and Amazon CloudFront?

Domain Name System (DNS)

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

For websites delivered via Amazon CloudFront or static websites hosted on Amazon S3, you can use the Amazon Route 53 service to create an Alias record for your domain which points to the CloudFront distribution or S3 website bucket. For S3 buckets not configured to host static websites, you can create a CNAME record for your domain and the S3 bucket name. In all cases, note that you will also need to configure your S3 bucket or your CloudFront distribution respectively with the alternate domain name entry to completely establish the alias between your domain name and the AWS domain name for your bucket or distribution.

For CloudFront distributions and S3 buckets configured to host static websites, we recommend creating an ‘Alias’ record that maps to your CloudFront distribution or S3 website bucket, instead of using CNAMEs. Alias records have two advantages: first, unlike CNAMEs, you can create an Alias record for your zone apex (e.g. example.com, instead of www.example.com), and second, queries to Alias records are free of charge.

Question 36

Q

Why does the DNS Query Test Tool return a response different than the dig or nslookup commands?

DNS Routing Policies

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

When resource record sets are changed in Amazon Route 53, the service propagates updates you make to your DNS records to its world-wide network of authoritative DNS servers. If you test the record before propagation is complete, you may see an old value when you use the dig or nslookup utilities. Additionally, DNS resolvers on the internet are outside the control of the Amazon Route 53 service and will cache your resource record sets according to their time to live (TTL), which means a dig/nslookup command might return a cached value. You should also make sure that your domain name registrar is using the name servers in your Amazon Route 53 hosted zone. If not, Amazon Route 53 will not be authoritative for queries to your domain.

Question 37

Q

Does Amazon Route 53 support Weighted Round Robin (WRR)?

DNS Routing Policies

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. Weighted Round Robin allows you to assign weights to resource record sets in order to specify the frequency with which different responses are served. You may want to use this capability to do A/B testing, sending a small portion of traffic to a server on which you’ve made a software change. For instance, suppose you have two record sets associated with one DNS name—one with weight 3 and one with weight 1. In this case, 75% of the time Route 53 will return the record set with weight 3 and 25% of the time Route 53 will return the record set with weight 1. Weights can be any number between 0 and 255.

Question 38

Q

What is Amazon Route 53’s Latency Based Routing (LBR) feature?

DNS Routing Policies

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

LBR (Latency Based Routing) is a new feature for Amazon Route 53 that helps you improve your application’s performance for a global audience. You can run applications in multiple AWS regions and Amazon Route 53, using dozens of edge locations worldwide, will route end users to the AWS region that provides the lowest latency.

Question 39

Q

How do I get started using Amazon Route 53’s Latency Based Routing (LBR) feature?

DNS Routing Policies

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

You can start using Amazon Route 53’s new LBR feature quickly and easily by using either the AWS Management Console or a simple API. You simply create a record set that includes the IP addresses or ELB names of various AWS endpoints and mark that record set as an LBR-enabled Record Set, much like you mark a record set as a Weighted Record Set. Amazon Route 53 takes care of the rest - determining the best endpoint for each request and routing end users accordingly, much like Amazon CloudFront, Amazon’s global content delivery service, does. You can learn more about how to use Latency Based Routing in the Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide.

Question 40

Q

What is the price for Amazon Route 53’s Latency Based Routing (LBR) feature?

DNS Routing Policies

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Like all AWS services, there are no upfront fees or long term commitments to use Amazon Route 53 and LBR. Customers simply pay for the hosted zones and queries they actually use. Please visit the Amazon Route 53 pricing page for details on pricing for Latency Based Routing queries.

Question 41

Q

What is Amazon Route 53’s Geo DNS feature?

DNS Routing Policies

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Route 53 Geo DNS lets you balance load by directing requests to specific endpoints based on the geographic location from which the request originates. Geo DNS makes it possible to customize localized content, such as presenting detail pages in the right language or restricting distribution of content to only the markets you have licensed. Geo DNS also lets you balance load across endpoints in a predictable, easy-to-manage way, ensuring that each end-user location is consistently routed to the same endpoint. Geo DNS provides three levels of geographic granularity: continent, country, and state, and Geo DNS also provides a global record which is served in cases where an end user’s location doesn’t match any of the specific Geo DNS records you have created. You can also combine Geo DNS with other routing types, such as Latency Based Routing and DNS Failover, to enable a variety of low-latency and fault-tolerant architectures. For information on how to configure various routing types, please see the Amazon Route 53 documentation.

Question 42

Q

How do I get started using Amazon Route 53’s Geo DNS feature?

DNS Routing Policies

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

You can start using Amazon Route 53’s Geo DNS feature quickly and easily by using either the AWS Management Console or the Route 53 API. You simply create a record set and specify the applicable values for that type of record set, mark that record set as a Geo DNS-enabled Record Set, and select the geographic region (global, continent, country, or state) that you want the record to apply to. You can learn more about how to use Geo DNS in the Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide.

Question 43

Q

When using Geo DNS, do I need a “global” record? When would Route 53 return this record?

DNS Routing Policies

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes, we strongly recommend that you configure a global record, to ensure that Route 53 can provide a response to DNS queries from all possible locations—even if you have created specific records for each continent, country, or state where you expect your end users will be located. Route 53 will return the value contained in your global record in the following cases:

The DNS query comes from an IP address not recognized by Route 53’s Geo IP database.

The DNS query comes from a location not included in any of the specific Geo DNS records you have created.

Question 44

Q

Can I have a Geo DNS record for a continent and different Geo DNS records for countries within that continent? Or a Geo DNS record for a country and Geo DNS records for states within that country?

DNS Routing Policies

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes, you can have Geo DNS records for overlapping geographic regions (e.g., a continent and countries within that continent, or a country and states within that country). For each end user’s location, Route 53 will return the most specific Geo DNS record that includes that location. In other words, for a given end user’s location, Route 53 will first return a state record; if no state record is found, Route 53 will return a country record; if no country record is found, Route 53 will return a continent record; and finally, if no continent record is found, Route 53 will return the global record.

Question 45

Q

What is the price for Route 53’s Geo DNS feature?

DNS Routing Policies

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Like all AWS services, there are no upfront fees or long term commitments to use Amazon Route 53 and Geo DNS. Customers simply pay for the hosted zones and queries they actually use. Please visit the Amazon Route 53 pricing page for details on pricing for Geo DNS queries.

Question 46

Q

What is the difference between Latency Based Routing and Geo DNS?

DNS Routing Policies

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Geo DNS bases routing decisions on the geographic location of the requests. In some cases, geography is a good proxy for latency; but there are certainly situations where it is not. LatencyBased Routing utilizes latency measurements between viewer networks and AWS datacenters. These measurements are used to determine which endpoint to direct users toward.

If your goal is to minimize end-user latency, we recommend using Latency Based Routing. If you have compliance, localization requirements, or other use cases that require stable routing from a specific geography to a specific endpoint, we recommend using Geo DNS.

Question 47

Q

Does Amazon Route 53 support multiple values in response to DNS queries?

DNS Traffic Flow

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Route 53 now supports multivalue answers in response to DNS queries. While not a substitute for a load balancer, the ability to return multiple health-checkable IP addresses in response to DNS queries is a way to use DNS to improve availability and load balancing. If you want to route traffic randomly to multiple resources, such as web servers, you can create one multivalue answer record for each resource and, optionally, associate an Amazon Route 53 health check with each record. Amazon Route 53 supports up to eight healthy records in response to each DNS query.

Question 48

Q

What is Amazon Route 53 Traffic Flow?

DNS Traffic Flow

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Amazon Route 53 Traffic Flow is an easy-to-use and cost-effective global traffic management service. With Amazon Route 53 Traffic Flow, you can improve the performance and availability of your application for your end users by running multiple endpoints around the world, using Amazon Route 53 Traffic Flow to connect your users to the best endpoint based on latency, geography, and endpoint health. Amazon Route 53 Traffic Flow makes it easy for developers to create policies that route traffic based on the constraints they care most about, including latency, endpoint health, load, geoproximity and geography. Customers can customize these templates or build policies from scratch using a simple visual policy builder in the AWS Management Console.

Question 49

Q

What is the difference between a traffic policy and a policy record?

DNS Traffic Flow

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

A traffic policy is the set of rules that you define to route end users’ requests to one of your application’s endpoints. You can create a traffic policy using the visual policy builder in the Amazon Route 53 Traffic Flow section of the Amazon Route 53 console. You can also create traffic policies as JSON-formatted text files and upload these policies using the Route 53 API, the AWS CLI, or the various AWS SDKs.

By itself, a traffic policy doesn’t affect how end users are routed to your application because it isn’t yet associated with your application’s DNS name (such as www.example.com). To start using Amazon Route 53 Traffic Flow to route traffic to your application using the traffic policy you’ve created, you create a policy record which associates the traffic policy with the appropriate DNS name within an Amazon Route 53 hosted zone that you own. For example, if you want to use a traffic policy that you’ve named my-first-traffic-policy to manage traffic for your application at www.example.com, you will create a policy record for www.example.com within your hosted zone example.com and choose my-first-traffic-policy as the traffic policy.

Policy records are visible in both the Amazon Route 53 Traffic Flow and Amazon Route 53 Hosted Zone sections of the Amazon Route 53 console.

Question 50

Q

Can I use the same policy to manage routing for more than one DNS name?

DNS Traffic Flow

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes. You can reuse a policy to manage more than one DNS name in one of two ways. First, you can create additional policy records using the policy. Note that there is an additional charge for using this method, because you are billed for each policy record that you create.

The second method is to create one policy record using the policy, and then for each additional DNS name that you want to manage using the policy, you create a standard CNAME record pointing at the DNS name of the policy record that you created. For example, if you create a policy record for example.com, you can then create DNS records for www.example.com, blog.example.com, and www.example.net with a CNAME value of example.com for each record. Note that this method is not possible for records at the zone apex, such as example.net, example.org, or example.co.uk (without www or another subdomain in front of the domain name). For records at the zone apex, you must create a policy record using your traffic policy.

Question 51

Q

Can I create an Alias record pointing to a DNS name that is managed by a traffic policy?

DNS Traffic Flow

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

No, it is not possible to create an Alias record pointing to a DNS name that is being managed by a traffic policy.

Question 52

Q

Is there a charge for traffic policies that don’t have a policy record?

DNS Traffic Flow

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

No. We only charge for policy records; there is no charge for creating the traffic policy itself.

Question 53

Q

How am I billed for using Amazon Route 53 Traffic Flow?

DNS Traffic Flow

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

You are billed per policy record. A policy record represents the application of a Traffic Flow policy to a specific DNS name (such as www.example.com) in order to use the traffic policy to manage how requests for that DNS name are answered. Billing is monthly and is prorated for partial months. There is no charge for traffic policies that are not associated with a DNS name via a policy record. For details on pricing, see the Amazon Route 53 pricing page.

Question 54

Q

What are the advanced query types supported in Amazon Route 53 Traffic Flow?

DNS Traffic Flow

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Traffic Flow supports all Amazon Route 53 DNS Routing policies including latency, endpoint health, multivalue answers, weighted round robin, and geo . In addition to these, Traffic Flow also supports geoproximity based routing with traffic biasing.

Question 55

Q

How does a traffic policy using geoproximity rule route DNS traffic?

DNS Traffic Flow

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

When you create a traffic flow policy, you can specify either an AWS region (if you’re using AWS resources) or the latitude and longitude for each endpoint. For example, suppose you have EC2 instances in the AWS US East (Ohio) region and in the US West (Oregon) region. When an user in Seattle visits your website, geoproximity routing will route the DNS query to the EC2 instances in the US West (Oregon) region because it’s closer geographically. For more information please see the documentation on geoproximity routing.

Question 56

Q

How does geoproximity bias of an endpoint affect dns traffic routing to other endpoints?

DNS Traffic Flow

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Changing geoproximity bias value on an endpoint either increases or decreases the value of the calculated distance relative to the other endpoints. However, the bias does not accurately predict the load factor but rather changes the sphere of influence. The amount of traffic shifting depends on how much queries are generated within the geographical sphere of influence of an endpoint. For more information please refer our documentation.

Question 57

Q

Can I use bias for other traffic flow rules?

Private DNS

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

As of today, bias can only be applied to geoproximity rule.

Question 58

Q

What is Private DNS?

Private DNS

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Private DNS is a Route 53 feature that lets you have authoritative DNS within your VPCs without exposing your DNS records (including the name of the resource and its IP address(es) to the Internet.

Question 59

Q

Can I use Amazon Route 53 to manage my organization’s private IP addresses?

Private DNS

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes, you can manage private IP addresses within Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs) using Amazon Route 53’s Private DNS feature. With Private DNS, you can create a private hosted zone, and Route 53 will only return these records when queried from within the VPC(s) that you have associated with your private hosted zone. For more details, see the Amazon Route 53 Documentation.

Question 60

Q

How do I set up Private DNS?

Private DNS

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

You can set up Private DNS by creating a hosted zone in Route 53, selecting the option to make the hosted zone “private”, and associating the hosted zone with one of your VPCs. After creating the hosted zone, you can associate it with additional VPCs. See the Amazon Route 53 Documentation for full details on how to configure Private DNS.

Question 61

Q

Do I need connectivity to the outside Internet in order to use Private DNS?

Private DNS

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

You can resolve internal DNS names from resources within your VPC that do not have Internet connectivity. However, to update the configuration for your Private DNS hosted zone, you need Internet connectivity to access the Route 53 API endpoint, which is outside of VPC.

Question 62

Q

Can I still use Private DNS if I’m not using VPC?

Private DNS

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

No. Route 53 Private DNS uses VPC to manage visibility and provide DNS resolution for private DNS hosted zones. To take advantage of Route 53 Private DNS, you must configure a VPC and migrate your resources into it.

Question 63

Q

Can I use the same private Route 53 hosted zone for multiple VPCs?

Private DNS

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes, you can associate multiple VPCs with a single hosted zone.

Question 64

Q

Can I associate VPCs and private hosted zones that I created under different AWS accounts?

Private DNS

Amazon Route 53 | Networking & Content Delivery

Answer

A

Yes, you can associate VPCs belonging to different accounts with a single hosted zone. You can see more details here.

Answer 65

A

Yes. DNS answers will be available within every VPC that you associate with the private hosted zone. Note that you will need to ensure that the VPCs in each region have connectivity with each other in order for resources in one region to be able to reach resources in another region. Route 53 Private DNS is supported today in the US East (Northern Virginia), US West (Northern California), US West (Oregon), Asia Pacific (Mumbai), Asia Pacific (Seoul), Asia Pacific (Singapore), Asia Pacific (Sydney), Asia Pacific (Tokyo), EU (Frankfurt), EU (Ireland), and South America (Sao Paulo) regions.

Answer 66

A

Yes, it is possible to configure DNS Failover by associating health checks with resource record sets within a Private DNS hosted zone. If your endpoints are within a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), you have several options to configure health checks against these endpoints. If the endpoints have public IP addresses, then you can create a standard health check against the public IP address of each endpoint. If your endpoints only have private IP addresses, then you cannot create standard health checks against these endpoints. However, you can create metric based health checks, which function like standard Amazon Route 53 health checks except that they use an existing Amazon CloudWatch metric as the source of endpoint health information instead of making requests against the endpoint from external locations.

Answer 67

A

Yes, you can block domains and specific DNS names by creating these names in one or more Private DNS hosted zones and pointing these names to your own server (or another location that you manage).

Answer 68

A

DNS Failover consists of two components: health checks and failover. Health checks are automated requests sent over the Internet to your application to verify that your application is reachable, available, and functional. You can configure the health checks to be similar to the typical requests made by your users, such as requesting a web page from a specific URL. With DNS failover, Route 53 only returns answers for resources that are healthy and reachable from the outside world, so that your end users are routed away from a failed or unhealthy part of your application.

Answer 69

A

Visit the Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide for details on getting started. You can also configure DNS Failover from within the Route 53 Console.

Answer 70

A

Yes, you can configure DNS Failover for Elastic Load Balancers (ELBs). To enable DNS Failover for an ELB endpoint, create an Alias record pointing to the ELB and set the “Evaluate Target Health” parameter to true. Route 53 creates and manages the health checks for your ELB automatically. You do not need to create your own Route 53 health check of the ELB. You also do not need to associate your resource record set for the ELB with your own health check, because Route 53 automatically associates it with the health checks that Route 53 manages on your behalf. The ELB health check will also inherit the health of your backend instances behind that ELB. For more details on using DNS Failover with ELB endpoints, please consult the Route 53 Developer Guide.

Answer 71

A

Yes, you can use DNS Failover to maintain a backup site (for example, a static site running on an Amazon S3 website bucket) and fail over to this site in the event that your primary site becomes unreachable.

Answer 72

A

You can associate any record type supported by Route 53 except SOA and NS records.

Answer 73

A

Yes. You can configure DNS Failover for Elastic Load Balancers and Amazon S3 website buckets via the Amazon Route 53 Console without needing to create a health check of your own. For these endpoint types, Route 53 automatically creates and manages health checks on your behalf which are used when you create an Alias record pointing to the ELB or S3 website bucket and enable the “Evaluate Target Health” parameter on the Alias record.

For all other endpoints, you can specify either the DNS name (e.g. www.example.com) or the IP address of the endpoint when you create a health check for that endpoint.

Answer 74

A

Yes. Just like you can create a Route 53 resource record that points to an address outside AWS, you can set up health checks for parts of your application running outside AWS, and you can fail over to any endpoint that you choose, regardless of location. For example, you may have a legacy application running in a datacenter outside AWS and a backup instance of that application running within AWS. You can set up health checks of your legacy application running outside AWS, and if the application fails the health checks, you can fail over automatically to the backup instance in AWS.

Answer 75

A

No, Route 53 does not make routing decisions based on the load or available traffic capacity of your endpoints. You will need to ensure that you have available capacity at your other endpoints, or the ability to scale at those endpoints, in order to handle the traffic that had been flowing to your failed endpoint.

Answer 76

A

The default is a threshold of three health check observations: when an endpoint has failed three consecutive observations, Route 53 will consider it failed. However, Route 53 will continue to perform health check observations on the endpoint and will resume sending traffic to it once it passes three consecutive observations. You can change this threshold to any value between 1 and 10 observations. For more details, see the Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide.

Answer 77

A

After a failed endpoint passes the number of consecutive health check observations that you specify when creating the health check (the default threshold is three observations), Route 53 will restore its DNS records automatically, and traffic to that endpoint will resume with no action required on your part.

Answer 78

A

By default, health check observations are conducted at an interval of 30 seconds. You can optionally select a fast interval of 10 seconds between observations.

By checking three times more often, fast interval health checks enable Route 53 to confirm more quickly that an endpoint has failed, shortening the time required for DNS failover to redirect traffic in response to the endpoint’s failure.

Fast interval health checks also generate three times the number of requests to your endpoint, which may be a consideration if your endpoint has a limited capacity to serve web traffic. Visit the Route 53 pricing page for details on pricing for fast interval health checks and other optional health check features. For more details, see the Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide.

Answer 79

A

Each heath check is conducted from multiple locations around the world. The number and set of locations is configurable; you can modify the number of locations from which each of your health checks is conducted using the Amazon Route 53 console or API. Each location checks the endpoint independently at the interval that you select: the default interval of 30 seconds, or an optional fast interval of 10 seconds. Based on the current default number of health checking locations, you should expect your endpoint to receive one request every 2-3 seconds on average for standard interval health checks and one or more requests per second for fast-interval health checks.

Answer 80

A

No. Route 53 health checks consider an HTTP 3xx code to be a successful response, so they don’t follow the redirect. This may cause unexpected results for string-matching health checks. The health check searches for the specified string in the body of the redirect. Because the health check doesn’t follow the redirect, it never sends a request to the location that the redirect points to and never gets a response from that location. For string matching health checks, we recommend that you avoid pointing the health check at a location that returns an HTTP redirect.

Answer 81

A

In simplest terms, the following events will take place if a health check fails and failover occurs:

Route 53 conducts a health check of your application. In this example, your application fails three consecutive health checks, triggering the following events.

Route 53 disables the resource records for the failed endpoint and no longer serves these records. This is the failover step, which causes traffic to begin being routed to your healthy endpoint(s) instead of your failed endpoint.

Answer 82

A

The time for which a DNS resolver caches a response is set by a value called the time to live (TTL) associated with every record. We recommend a TTL of 60 seconds or less when using DNS Failover, to minimize the amount of time it takes for traffic to stop being routed to your failed endpoint. In order to configure DNS Failover for ELB and S3 Website endpoints, you need to use Alias records which have fixed TTL of 60 seconds; for these endpoint types, you do not need to adjust TTLs in order to use DNS Failover.

Answer 83

A

Route 53 can only fail over to an endpoint that is healthy. If there are no healthy endpoints remaining in a resource record set, Route 53 will behave as if all health checks are passing.

Answer 84

A

Yes. You can configure DNS Failover without using LBR. In particular, you can use DNS failover to configure a simple failover scenario where Route 53 monitors your primary website and fails over to a backup site in the event that your primary site is unavailable.

Answer 85

A

Yes. Route 53 supports health checks over HTTPS, HTTP or TCP.

Answer 86

A

No, HTTPS health checks test whether it’s possible to connect with the endpoint over SSL and whether the endpoint returns a valid HTTP response code. However, they do not validate the SSL certificate returned by the endpoint.

Answer 87

A

Yes, HTTPS health checks support SNI.

Answer 88

A

You can use Route 53 health checks to check for the presence of a designated string in a server response by selecting the “Enable String Matching” option. This option can be used to check a web server to verify that that the HTML it serves contains an expected string. Or, you can create a dedicated status page and use it to check the health of the server from an internal or operational perspective. For more details, see the Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide.

Answer 89

A

You can view the current status of a health check, as well as details on why it has failed, in the Amazon Route 53 console and via the Route 53 API.

Additionally, each health check’s results are published as Amazon CloudWatch metrics showing the endpoint’s health and, optionally, the latency of the endpoint’s response. You can view a graph of the Amazon CloudWatch metric in the health checks tab of the Amazon Route 53 console to see the current and historical status of the health check. You can also create Amazon CloudWatch alarms on the metric in order to send notifications if the status of the health check changes.

The Amazon CloudWatch metrics for all of your Amazon Route 53 health checks are also visible in the Amazon CloudWatch console. Each Amazon CloudWatch metric contains the Health Check ID (for example, 01beb6a3-e1c2-4a2b-a0b7-7031e9060a6a) which you can use to identify which health check the metric is tracking.

Answer 90

A

Amazon Route 53 health checks include an optional latency measurement feature which provides data on how long it takes your endpoint to respond to a request. When you enable the latency measurement feature, the Amazon Route 53 health check will generate additional Amazon CloudWatch metrics showing the time required for Amazon Route 53’s health checkers to establish a connection and to begin receiving data. Amazon Route 53 provides a separate set of latency metrics for each AWS region where Amazon Route 53 health checks are conducted.

Answer 91

A

Because each Route 53 health check publishes its results as a CloudWatch metric, you can configure the full range of CloudWatch notifications and automated actions which can be triggered when the health check value changes beyond a threshold that you specify. First, in either the Route 53 or CloudWatch console, configure a CloudWatch alarm on the health check metric. Then add a notification action and specify the email or SNS topic that you want to publish your notification to. Please consult the Route 53 Developer Guide for full details.

Answer 92

A

Confirmation emails can be re-sent from the SNS console.To find the name of the SNS topic associated with the alarm, click the alarm name within the Route 53 console and looking in the box labeled “Send notification to.”

Within the SNS console, expand the list of topics, and select the topic from your alarm. Open the “Create Subscription” box and select Email for protocol and enter the desired email address. Clicking “Subscribe” will re-send the confirmation email.

Answer 93

A

The recommended method for setting up DNS Failover with ELB endpoints is to use Alias records with the “Evaluate Target Health” option. Because you don’t create your own health checks for ELB endpoints when using this option, there are no specific CloudWatch metrics generated by Route 53 for these endpoints.

You can get metrics on the health of your load balancer in two ways. First, Elastic Load Balancing publishes metrics that indicate the health of the load balancer and the number of healthy instances behind it. For details on configuring CloudWatch metrics for ELB, consult the ELB developer guide. Second, you can create your own health check against the CNAME provided by the ELB, e.g. elb-example-123456678.us-west-2.elb.amazonaws.com. You won’t use this health check for DNS Failover itself (because the “Evaluate Target Health” option provides DNS Failover for you), but you can view the CloudWatch metrics for this health check and create alarms to be notified if the health check fails.

For complete details on using DNS Failover with ELB endpoints, please consult the Route 53 Developer Guide.

Answer 94

A

Amazon Route 53 performs health checks of the Amazon S3 service itself in each AWS region. When you enable Evaluate Target Health on an Alias record pointing to an Amazon S3 Website bucket, Amazon Route 53 will take into account the health of the Amazon S3 service in the AWS region where your bucket is located. Amazon Route 53 does not check whether a specific bucket exists or contains valid website content; Amazon Route 53 will only fail over to another location if the Amazon S3 service itself is unavailable in the AWS region where your bucket is located.

Answer 95

A

CloudWatch metrics for Route 53 health checks are available free of charge.

Answer 96

A

Yes. Amazon Route 53’s metric based health checks let you perform DNS failover based on any metric that is available within Amazon CloudWatch, including AWS-provided metrics and custom metrics from your own application. When you create a metric based health check within Amazon Route 53, the health check becomes unhealthy whenever its associated Amazon CloudWatch metric enters an alarm state.

Metric based health checks are useful to enable DNS failover for endpoints that cannot be reached by a standard Amazon Route 53 health check, such as instances within a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) that only have private IP addresses. Using Amazon Route 53’s calculated health check feature, you can also accomplish more sophisticated failover scenarios by combining the results of metric based health checks with the results of standard Amazon Route 53 health checks, which make requests against an endpoint from a network of checkers around the world. For example, you can create a configuration which fails away from an endpoint if either its public-facing web page is unavailable, or if internal metrics such as CPU load, network in/out, or disk reads show that the server itself is unhealthy.

Answer 97

A

Occasionally, Amazon Route 53 customers create health checks that specify an IP address or domain name that does not belong to them. If your web server is getting unwanted HTTP(s) requests that you have traced to Amazon Route 53 health checks, please provide information on the unwanted health check using this form, and we will work with our customer to fix the problem.

Answer 98

A

If you specify a domain name as the endpoint of an Amazon Route 53 health check, Amazon Route 53 will look up the IPv4 address of that domain name and will connect to the endpoint using IPv4. Amazon Route 53 will not attempt to look up the IPv6 address for an endpoint that is specified by domain name. If you want to perform a health check over IPv6 instead of IPv4, select “IP address” instead of “domain name” as your endpoint type, and enter the IPv6 address in the “IP address” field.

Answer 99

A

AWS now publishes its current IP address ranges in JSON format. To view the current ranges, download the .json file using the following link. If you access this file programmatically, ensure that the application downloads the file only after successfully verifying the TLS certificate that is returned by the AWS server.

Download: ip-ranges.json

To find IP ranges for Route 53 servers, search for the following values in the “service” field:

Route 53 DNS servers: Search for “ROUTE53”

Route 53 health checkers: Search for “ROUTE53_HEALTHCHECKS”

For more information, see AWS IP Address Ranges in the Amazon Web Services General Reference.

Please note that the IPv6 ranges may not yet appear in this file. For reference, the IPv6 ranges for Amazon Route 53 health checkers are as follows:

2600: 1f1c:7ff:f800::/53
2a05: d018:fff:f800::/53
2600: 1f1e:7ff:f800::/53
2600: 1f1c:fff:f800::/53
2600: 1f18:3fff:f800::/53
2600: 1f14:7ff:f800::/53
2600: 1f14:fff:f800::/53
2406: da14:7ff:f800::/53
2406: da14:fff:f800::/53
2406: da18:7ff:f800::/53
2406: da1c:7ff:f800::/53
2406: da1c:fff:f800::/53
2406: da18:fff:f800::/53
2600: 1f18:7fff:f800::/53
2a05: d018:7ff:f800::/53
2600: 1f1e:fff:f800::/53
2620: 107:300f::36b7:ff80/122
2a01: 578:3::36e4:1000/122
2804: 800:ff00::36e8:2840/122
2620: 107:300f::36f1:2040/122
2406: da00:ff00::36f3:1fc0/122
2620: 108:700f::36f4:34c0/122
2620: 108:700f::36f5:a800/122
2400: 6700:ff00::36f8:dc00/122
2400: 6700:ff00::36fa:fdc0/122
2400: 6500:ff00::36fb:1f80/122
2403: b300:ff00::36fc:4f80/122
2403: b300:ff00::36fc:fec0/122
2400: 6500:ff00::36ff:fec0/122
2406: da00:ff00::6b17:ff00/122
2a01: 578:3::b022:9fc0/122
2804: 800:ff00::b147:cf80/122

Answer 100

A

Yes. You can use the AWS Management Console or API to register new domain names with Route 53. You can also request to transfer in existing domain names from other registrars to be managed by Route 53. Domain name registration services are provided under our Domain Name Registration Agreement.

Answer 101

A

Route 53 offers a wide selection of both generic Top Level Domains (“gTLDs”: for example, .com and .net) and country-code Top Level Domains (“ccTLDs”: for example, .de and .fr). For the complete list, please see the Route 53 Domain Registration Price List.

Answer 102

A

To get started, log into your account and click on “Domains”. Then, click the big blue “Register Domain” button and complete the registration process.

Answer 103

A

Depending on the TLD you’ve selected, registration can take from a few minutes to several hours. Once the domain is successfully registered, it will show up in your account.

Answer 104

A

The initial registration period is typically one year, although the registries for some top-level domains (TLDs) have longer registration periods. When you register a domain with Amazon Route 53 or you transfer domain registration to Amazon Route 53, we configure the domain to renew automatically. For more information, see Renewing Registration for a Domain in the Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide.

Answer 105

A

In order to register a domain name, you need to provide contact information for the registrant of the domain, including name, address, phone number, and email address. If the administrative and technical contacts are different, you need to provide that contact information, too.

Answer 106

A

ICANN, the governing body for domain registration, requires that registrars provide contact information, including name, address, and phone number, for every domain name registration, and that registrars make this information publicly available via a Whois database. For domain names that you register as an individual (i.e., not as a company or organization), Route 53 provides privacy protection, which hides your personal phone number, email address, and physical address, free of charge. Instead, the Whois contains the registrar’s name and mailing address, along with a registrar-generated forwarding email address that third parties may use if they wish to contact you.

Answer 107

A

Yes, Route 53 provides privacy protection at no additional charge. The privacy protection hides your phone number, email address, and physical address. Your first and last name will be hidden if the TLD registry and registrar allow it. When you enable privacy protection, a Whois query for the domain will contain the registrar’s mailing address in place of your physical address, and the registrar’s name in place of your name (if allowed). Your email address will be a registrar-generated forwarding email address that third parties may use if they wish to contact you. Domain names registered by companies or organizations are eligible for privacy protection if the TLD registry and registrar allow it.

Answer 108

A

For a list of TLDs please see the price list and for the specific registration requirements for each, please see the Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide and our Domain Name Registration Agreement.

Answer 109

A

When your domain name is created we automatically associate your domain with four unique Route 53 name servers, known as a delegation set. You can view the delegation set for your domain in the Amazon Route 53 console. They’re listed in the hosted zone that we create for you automatically when you register a domain.

By default, Route 53 will assign a new, unique delegation set for each hosted zone you create. However, you can also use the Route 53 API to create a “reusable delegation set”, which you can then apply to multiple hosted zones that you create. For customers with large numbers of domain names, reusable delegation sets make migration to Route 53 simple, because you can instruct your domain name registrar to use the same delegation set for all your domains managed by Route 53. This feature also makes it possible for you to create “white label” name server addresses such as ns1.example.com, ns2.example.com, etc., which you can point to your Route 53 name servers. You can then use your “white label” name server addresses as the authoritative name servers for as many of your domain names as desired. For more details, see the Amazon Route 53 documentation.

Answer 110

A

You will be charged for the hosted zone that Route 53 creates for your domain name, as well as for the DNS queries against this hosted zone that Route 53 serves on your behalf. If you do not wish to be charged for Route 53’s DNS service, you can delete your Route 53 hosted zone. Please note that some TLDs require you to have valid name servers as part of your domain name registration. For a domain name under one of these TLDs, you will need to procure DNS service from another provider and enter that provider’s name server addresses before you can safely delete your Route 53 hosted zone for that domain name.

Answer 111

A

AWS resells domain names that are registered with ICANN-accredited registrars. Amazon Registrar, Inc. is an Amazon company that is accredited by ICANN to register domains. The registrar of record is the “Sponsoring Registrar” listed in the WHOIS record for your domain to indicate which registrar your domain is registered with.

Answer 112

A

Amazon is a reseller of the registrar Gandi. As the registrar of record, Gandi is required by ICANN to contact the registrant to verify their contact information at the time of initial registration. You MUST verify your contact information if requested by Gandi within the first 15 days of registration in order to prevent your domain name from being suspended. Gandi also sends out reminder notices before the domain comes up for renewal.

Answer 113

A

See our documentation for a list of the domains that you can currently register using Amazon Route 53. This list includes information about which registrar is the current registrar of record for each TLD that we sell.

Answer 114

A

No. We plan to add this functionality soon.

Answer 115

A

Whois is a publicly available database for domain names that lists the contact information and the name servers that are associated with a domain name. Anyone can access the Whois database by using the WHOIS command, which is widely available. It’s included in many operating systems, and it’s also available as a web application on many websites. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) requires that all domain names have publicly available contact information in case someone needs to get in contact with the domain name holder.

Answer 116

A

To get started, log into your account and click on “Domains”. Then, click the “Transfer Domain” button at the top of the screen and complete the transfer process. Please make sure before you start the transfer process, (1) your domain name is unlocked at your current registrar, (2) you have disabled privacy protection on your domain name (if applicable), and (3) that you have obtained the valid Authorization Code, or “authcode”, from your current registrar which you will need to enter as part of the transfer process.

Answer 117

A

First, you need to get a list of the DNS record data for your domain name, generally available in the form of a “zone file” that you can get from your existing DNS provider. With the DNS record data in hand, you can use Route 53’s Management Console or simple web-services interface to create a hosted zone that can store the DNS records for your domain name and follow its transfer process, which will include such steps as updating the name servers for your domain name to the ones associated with your hosted zone. To complete the domain name transfer process, contact the registrar with whom you registered your domain name and follow its transfer process, which will include steps such as updating the name servers for your domain name to the ones associated with your hosted zone. As soon as your registrar propagates the new name server delegations, the DNS queries from your end users will start to get answered by the Route 53 DNS servers.

Answer 118

A

You can view the status of domain name transfers in the “Alerts” section on the homepage of the Route 53 console.

Answer 119

A

You will need to contact your current registrar in order to determine why your transfer failed. Once they have resolved the issue, you can resubmit your transfer request.

Answer 120

A

In order to move your domain name away from Route 53, you need to initiate a transfer request with your new registrar. They will request the domain name be moved to their management.

Answer 121

A

Each new Amazon Route 53 account is limited to a maximum of 50 domains. Complete our request form for a higher limit and we will respond to your request within two business days.

Answer 122

A

Amazon Route 53’s DNS services does NOT support DNSSEC at this time. However, our domain name registration service supports configuration of signed DNSSEC keys for domains when DNS service is configured at another provider. More information on configuring DNSSEC for your domain name registration can be found here.

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Networking & Content Delivery | Amazon Route 53 Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM