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Year 1 Cell Biology > Nervous tissue I > Flashcards

Nervous tissue I Flashcards

1
Q

What are Nissl bodies?

A

Stacks of rER

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2
Q

What are characteristics of the nucleus in a nerve cell?

A

Large, clear, euchromatic, dense nucleolus

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3
Q

Does mitosis occur in adult nerve cells?

A

No

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4
Q

What is chromatolysis?

A

Dissolution of Nissl substance following injury

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5
Q

What is Kevin’s favorite food?

A

( ) )=========D

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6
Q

Are dendrites myelinated?

A

No, never

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7
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

Receive stimuli from epithelial receptor cells or other neurons and transmit to cell body

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8
Q

What is the protein associated with anterograde transport?

A

Kinesin

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9
Q

What is the direction of anterograde transport?

A

Away from cell body

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10
Q

Transport away from the cell body is what kind of transport?

A

Anterograde

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11
Q

Transport toward the cell body is what kind of transport?

A

Retrograde

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12
Q

What is the direction of retrograde transport?

A

Toward the cell body

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13
Q

What protein is associated with retrograde transport?

A

Dynein

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14
Q

Viruses that enter nerve endings travel to the CNS via what type of transport?

A

Retrograde

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15
Q

What are characteristics of a bipolar neuron?

A
  1. Two processes (dendrite + axon)2. Found in retina, inner ear, nose
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16
Q

What are characteristics of a multipolar neuron?

A
  1. Numerous dendrites, single axon2. Includes motor neurons and interneurons
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17
Q

What are characteristics of a unipolar neuron?

A
  1. Has only an axon that bifurcates into two processes (T-shaped)2. Impulses are transmitted down axon, bypassing cell body3. Enclosed in CN sensory ganglia and dorsal root ganglion
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18
Q

What is the function of neuroglia?

A

Provide physical and physiological support to nerve cells

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19
Q

Can neuroglia divide / form tumors?

A

No

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20
Q

Does the CNS have connective tissue?

A

No

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21
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

Largest nerve cells; exhibit mat-like vascular feet / pedicles, and ensheate all blood vessels covered by a basal lamina

22
Q

Largest nerve cells; exhibit mat-like vascular feet / pedicles, and ensheate all blood vessels covered by a basal lamina:

A

Astrocytes

23
Q

What are the functions of astrocytes?

A
  1. May assist in BBB2. Form a deep layer to pia mater3. Form scar tissue following injury4. Involved in tissue repair5. Monitor chemical and ionic composition in extracellular space around nerve cells
24
Q

What are protoplasmic astrocytes?

A
  1. Primarily in gray matter2. Granular cytoplasm3. Processes cover synapses, neurons, blood vessels
25
Q

What are fibrous astrocytes?

A
  1. Primarily in white matter2. Long, thin processes3. Light staining4. Associated with blood vessels and pia mater5. Cover Nodes of Ranvier and synapses6. Most common brain tumor in adults
26
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A
  1. Smaller than astroctyes2. Form rows in white matter3. Many mitochondria, Golgi, rER, microtubules
27
Q
  1. Smaller than astroctyes2. Form rows in white matter3. Many mitochondria, Golgi, rER, microtubules
A

Oligodendrocytes

28
Q
  1. Primarily in white matter2. Long, thin processes3. Light staining4. Associated with blood vessels and pia mater5. Cover Nodes of Ranvier and synapses6. Most common brain tumor in adults
A

Fibrous astrocytes

29
Q
  1. Primarily in gray matter2. Granular cytoplasm3. Processes cover synapses, neurons, blood vessels
A

Protoplasmic astrocytes

30
Q

What are some characteristics of microglia?

A
  1. Small cell bodies2. Elongated nuclei3. Condensed chromatin4. Present in white and gray matter5. Derived from monocytes6. Phagocytic
31
Q
  1. Small cell bodies2. Elongated nuclei3. Condensed chromatin4. Present in white and gray matter5. Derived from monocytes6. Phagocytic
A

Microglia

32
Q

What are characteristics of ependymal cells?

A
  1. Cuboidal-columnar2. Line brain and spinal cord cavities containing CSF3. Have motile cilia4. Abundant mitochondria5. Apical Golgi, sparse rER
33
Q
  1. Cuboidal-columnar2. Line brain and spinal cord cavities containing CSF3. Have motile cilia4. Abundant mitochondria5. Apical Golgi, sparse rER
A

Ependymal cells

34
Q

Where are unmyelinated axons located?

A

CNS and PNS

35
Q

In the CNS, are unmyelinated axons covered by glia?

A

No

36
Q

Where / how are unmyelinated axons located in the PNS?

A

In a groove of a Schwann cell

37
Q

Are there Nodes of Ranvier along unmyelinated axons?

A

No

38
Q

What myelinates axons in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

39
Q

What is myelin?

A

A lipoprotein, formed by concentric layers of cell membrane

40
Q

What myelinates axons in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

41
Q

What is the Node of Ranvier?

A

The unmyelinated segment of the axon between two Schwann cells

42
Q

What is the internodal segment?

A

Myelin-covered segments of an axon

43
Q

Schwann cells derive from the ____________

A

Neural crest

44
Q

What is the endoneurium?

A

Loose CT with collagen fibrils that covers individual axons, synthesized by Schwann cells

45
Q

Loose CT with collagen fibrils that covers individual axons, synthesized by Schwann cells:

A

Endoneurium

46
Q

What is the perineurium?

A

Specialized CT, encloses Schwann cell-ensheathed axons and endoneurium

47
Q

Specialized CT, encloses Schwann cell-ensheathed axons and endoneurium:

A

Periuneurium

48
Q

What is the epineurium?

A

Dense irregular fibrous CT with elastic fibers; covers several nerve bundles which forms gross nerve

49
Q

Dense irregular fibrous CT with elastic fibers; covers several nerve bundles which forms gross nerve:

A

Epineurium

50
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

Support cell bodies of neurons housed in ganglia and function like Schwann cells but without myelination ability

51
Q

Support cell bodies of neurons housed in ganglia and function like Schwann cells but without myelination ability:

A

Satellite cells

52
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

Autoimmune disease affecting only the white matter of the CNS; Abs attack the myelin sheath, leading to a decrease in impulse conduction

Year 1 Cell Biology (40 decks)

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