Nervous System - Neurotransmitters and Synpases Flashcards Preview

Human Biology IA > Nervous System - Neurotransmitters and Synpases > Flashcards

Flashcards in Nervous System - Neurotransmitters and Synpases Deck (12)
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1
Q

What types of cells can a postsynaptic cell bind to?

A

another neuron
muscle
gland

2
Q

Where are neurotransmitters made? What are they packaged into and where do they travel?

A

Made in soma/cell body
packaged into vesicles
released by presynaptic cell and move into synaptic cleft, travel across synapse and bind to receptors on target cells

3
Q

How does synapse propagation from cell to cell occur? (7)

A

action potential reaches presynaptic neuron
voltage gated Ca2+ channels open
neurotransmitters exocytosis from axon terminals
NT diffuse across membrane
NT bind to receptors of postsynaptic neuron
stimulation of postsynaptic
AP in post synaptic cell

4
Q

Does the influx or removal of calcium through voltage gated channels stimulate the release of neurotransmitters?

A

Influx

5
Q

What happens after the neurotransmitters have been used? (1 response, 4 non-response)

A
  1. bind to receptors of postsynaptic cell to produce response
  2. destroyed by enzymes
  3. re-absorbed by presynaptic terminals
  4. diffused away
  5. absorbed by glial cells
6
Q

What are the two effects a neurotransmitter can have?

A

EPSP (excitatory post-synaptic effect) or IPSP (inhibitory post-synaptic effect)

7
Q

What happens during EPSP (channels, charge of ions, membrane potential)?

A
binds to specific receptor
ligand gated Na+ channels open
allow entry of positive ions
MP reaches -55 mV
AP initiated
message passed on
8
Q

What happens during IPSP (channels, charge of ions, membrane potential)?

A
binds to specific receptor
ligand gated Cl- channels open
allow entry of negative ions
MP becomes more negative
AP not initiated
message not carried on
9
Q

What does dopamine do? Where is it produced and what is it released by? What does it act on?

A

pleasure/reward
mood, cognition, sleep, memory, movement, attention
produced by midbrain
released by hypothalamus
acts on neurons in basal ganglia + reward centre

10
Q

What does serotonin do? Where is it produced? What does it act on?

A

appetite, mood (calming), behavior, function of cardiac + endocrine systems
produced in pineal gland and digestive tract
acts on multiple regions of the brain

11
Q

What does epinephrine/adrenaline do? Where is it produced? What does it act on?

A

excitatory effect on autonomic pathways
produced by adrenal glands and neurons
acts on thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain and spinal cord

12
Q

What does norepinephrine/noradrenaline do? Where is it produced? What does it act on?

A
'stress' chemical
produced by pons and adrenal gland
NT of sympathetic pathway
acts on cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, brain stem, cerebellum, spinal cord
increases; HR, BP, expands airways