Nervous System: Motor and Sensory Pathways Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Nervous System: Motor and Sensory Pathways Deck (17)
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1
Q

Three protective coverings of brain

A

skull
CSF
meninges

2
Q

Three layers of meninges from outer to inner

A
dura mater (2 layers, periosteal and meningeal, loose covering of brain)
arachnoid mater (projections that penetrate into dura, CSF reabsorption, blood vessels)
pia mater (adheres to surface of brain)
3
Q

What is CSF and what does it do? What is it produced by? How much is produced? (10)

A

clear and colourless fluid
bathes brain and spinal cord
mechanical protection (shock, cushioning)
nourishment (oxygen and glucose)
circulation (exchange of nutrients and wastes, communication)
produced by ependymal cells
500 mL each day
entire volume replaced in 8 hours
80-150 mL circulating at one time
moves through ventricles into spinal cord

4
Q

Three layers of meninges covering spinal cord

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

5
Q

Is dorsal root input/output and afferent/efferent? Where is it located?

A

sensory input
afferent

back

6
Q

Is ventral root input/output and afferent/efferent? Where is it located?

A

motor output
efferent

front

7
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

bundle of axons

8
Q

What are the layers of CT protecting nerves called and what do they cover?

A

endoneurium (surrounds myelin of axon)
perineurium (surrounds fascicle)
epineurium (surrounds entire nerve)

9
Q

What are the two types of nerves? Where do they exit from, how many pairs and what do they innervate?

A

cranial: exit via brain, 12 pairs, primarily innervate head and neck
spinal: exit via spinal cord, 31 pairs, mixed nerves (sensory, somatic, autonomic), innervate rest of body

10
Q

What are the types of sensory receptors and what do they detect?

A
thermo-receptors (temp.)
mechanoreceptors (touch, pressure, vibration)
chemoreceptors (chemical stimuli)
photo-receptors (light)
nocireceptors (pain)
11
Q

Where are chemoreceptors present?

A

medulla oblongata, carotid bodies, aortic bodies

12
Q

What do mechanoreceptors do and where are they found?

A

regulate visceral function

found in digestive tract, bladder, sinus, lung, colon

13
Q

Three types of somatic-sensory pathway and their purpose

A
Dorsal column pathway (pain, temp., fine sensation)
Spinothalamic tract (localized touch, crude sensation)
Spinocerebellar pathway (proprioceptive touch)
14
Q

What is proprioception and where are proprioceptors located?

A

sense relative position of body parts

found in muscles, tendons and joints

15
Q

What are visceral sensations caused by?

A

communication between viscera (internal organs) and CNS

disruption to homeostasis

16
Q

What do reflexes do? Are they fast? Where do they go via and what gets left out?

A

protection
rapid
via spinal cord, excluding brain

17
Q

How can reflexes be classified?

A

development (innate, acquired)
motor response (visceral, somatic)
complexity of circuit (monosynaptic, polysynaptic)
processing site (spinal, intersegmental, cranial)