Nervous System Flashcards Preview

AP Biology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Nervous System Deck (37)
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1
Q

What is the CNS

A

Central Nervous System: The brain and spinal chord

2
Q

Neurons that carry information in and out of the CNS are located in a system called what?

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

3
Q

Define neurons

A

nerve cells that transmit info.

4
Q

Describe the make-up of neurons

A

Made of a cell body with a nucleus

5
Q

The _______ receives signals.

A

dendrite

6
Q

The ____ transmits signals.

A

axon

7
Q

The _______ is where and axon meets a dendrite

A

synapsis

8
Q

The ___ support cells, that nourish and insulate.

A

glia

9
Q

Define resting potential

A

ion gradient of (+) outside (-) inside

10
Q

Describe the process of resting potential

A

Sodium and Potassium are moved in and out of the cell by sodium potassium pumps and ion channels

11
Q

What causes the charge difference during resting potential?

A

Sodium is pumped out and potassium in, but potassium is allowed to flow back out

12
Q

Define action potential

A

a stimulus reverses the charge of the membrane

13
Q

In action potential, what reverses the charge of the membrane

A

Gated ion channels open allowing sodium to flow in

14
Q

In action potential, restores the charge

A

potassium channels open to let potassium out, thus restoring the charge.

15
Q

______ __________ ____ restore the balance.

A

Sodium potassium pumps

16
Q

Define conducting action potentials

A

The opening and closing of gated ion channels travels along the membrane of the axon

17
Q

The opening and closing of gated ion channels causes what?

A

a reversal of charge to travel down the membrane of the axon

18
Q

The reversal of charge in conducting action potentials is the ________ _______ that nerves transmit.

A

electrical signal

19
Q

Describe fast conduction

A

Glia can wrap the axon in a layers of membrane insulation

20
Q

Glia can wrap the axon in a layers of membrane insulation called a ______ _____ that acts like wire insulation

A

myelin sheath

21
Q

_______ ____ do fast conduction in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

22
Q

___________ do fast conduction in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

23
Q

Describe receiving action potentials

A

Action potentials can be received electronically or chemically

24
Q

Describe electronical receiving action potentials

A

through another action potential like interaction

25
Q

What is chemical receiving action potentials known as?

A

synaptic signaling

26
Q

Describe synaptic signaling

A

chemical signaling through a synaptic vesicle releasing a neurotransmitter that flows through a synaptic cleft

27
Q

Give an example of receiving action potentials

A

Endorphins (decrease pain)

28
Q

List the two types of neurons in PNS organization

A

Afferent and efferent neurons

29
Q

______ neurons receive information

A

Afferent

30
Q

_______ neurons cause actions to happen.

A

Efferent

31
Q

Efferent neurons control what systems?

A

the motor system and the autonomic system.

32
Q

______ ______ consist of acts you can control.

A

Motor system

33
Q

_________ ______ consist of acts that are involuntary. (breathing)

A

Autonomic system

34
Q

________ causes processes to become enhanced (breath faster, pump more blood)

A

Sympathetic

35
Q

__________ causes processes to relax

A

Parasympathtic

36
Q

______ ________ control digestive activities

A

Enteric division

37
Q

List the 3 types of autonomic System

A

Sympathetic, Parasympathtic, Enteric division