Nervous system Flashcards Preview

A&P CHAPTER 12 VOCB > Nervous system > Flashcards

Flashcards in Nervous system Deck (23)
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0
Q

A propagated change in the transmembrane potential of excitable cells, initiated by a change in the membrane permeability to sodium ions

A

Action potential

1
Q

The period between the initiation of an action potential and the restoration of the normal resting potential; during this period, the membrane will not respond normally to stimulation

A

Refractory period

2
Q

Neurotoxin responsible for the neurilemm a that surrounds axons in the peripheral nervous system

A

Schwann cells

3
Q

Phagocytes neuroglia in the central nervous system

A

Microglia

4
Q

Central nervous system neuroglia that maintain cellular organization within gray matter and provide a myelin sheath in areas of white matter

A

Oligodendrocytes

5
Q

One of the four types of neuroglia in the central nervous system; responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier by the simulation of endothelial cells

A

Astrocytes

6
Q

Cells of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system that support and protect neurons.

A

Neuroglia

7
Q

Form the the efferent division of the PNS, stimulate or modify the activity of a peripheral tissue,organ, or organ system.

A

Motor neurons

8
Q

Are always located in the CNS and may be situated between sensory and motor neurons. They distribute sensory inputs and coordinate motor outputs

A

Inter neurons

9
Q

A chemical compound released by one neuron to affect the transmembrane potential of another

A

Neurotransmitter

10
Q

The site of communication between a nerve cell and another cell

A

Synapse

11
Q

The efferent division of the nervous system that innervates skeletal muscles

A

SNS

12
Q

Centers, nuclei, tracts, ganglia, and nerves involved in the unconscious regulation of visceral functions; includes components of the central nervous syste, and the peripheral nervous system

A

ANS

13
Q

A peripheral gland or muscle cell innervated by a motor neuron

A

Effector

14
Q

Sensory structures that either detect changes in the internal environment or respond to the presence of specific stimuli

A

Receptor

15
Q

The elongate extension of a neuron that conducts an action potential

A

Axon

16
Q

All neural tissue outside the CNS

A

PNS

17
Q

The brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

18
Q

A compound found in tobacco that binds to specific ACH receptor sites and stimulates the synaptic membrane

A

Nicotine

19
Q

A fatal disease caused by a virus that reaches the CNS via retrograde flow along peripheral axons

A

Rabies

20
Q

A compound that disrupts normal nervous system function by interfering with the generation or propagation of action potentials

A

Neurotoxin

21
Q

A genetic abnormality involving the metabolism of gangoliosides, important components of neuron plasma membranes.

A

Tach-Sachs disease

22
Q

Neuropeptides produced in the brain and spinal cord that appear to relieve pain and affect mood

A

Endorphins